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The For Profit Colleges

            In this movie, Martin Smith comes in to investigate the for-profit higher education institutions that offer education to students who otherwise could not have gotten such education in the other institutions of higher education. The film, through conducting interviews with former students in these institutions, officials in the government, admission personnel and other players, investigate the issues in this industry that critics have cited. These are such as offering worthless courses, which in reality leave many students struggling to pay back loans they took. The ‘for profit’ higher education institutions are owned by rich people who turn them into profitable businesses through taking them near the people and create new programs, which are designed to meet the market needs that traditional higher institutions have failed to offer. Critics claim that these programs are just designed to attract people considering many do not get better jobs even after pursuing very expensive courses.

The ‘for profit’ colleges and universities have come in to cater for students who miss chances in the traditional universities, as well as those who are too busy. Most of the students have been found to be working class who pursue these courses in order to progress their career through seeking eligibility for promotion and higher pay. Many of the ‘for profit’ universities offer these courses even in the freeways where people can have easier access, as well as online for those who may not be in a position to physically attend one of their facilities. This makes it easy for them to enroll even those who are not qualified since they can offer a bigger number of people such education with ease. In addition, these institutions teach throughout the year; hence, there are more people in a year in a ‘for profit’ university than a traditional setting university.

Considering they are profit oriented, many of these institutions are not much interested in the performance of students; rather, they are concerned about students paying for their education. In addition, they want to access money given by the federal government as loans to students who may not be in a position to pay their education fees. However, after it was found that 44% of students who failed to pay up their loans were from profit making universities, the government has considered coming up with a measure that can be used to check eligibility of their causes in terms of value to the market. This was contrary to their claim that they offer degree programs that boost earnings and job eligibility. The suggestion is to require all the universities to show that their courses are valuable in the job market. The film goes ahead to say that this would have serious consequences considering it will mean a negative image to the public concerning their quality level of education.

Most surprising, the film finds that in one of the ‘for profit’ colleges, students studying nursing completed their diplomas without going to hospitals for practical lessons, which are extremely necessary. Other graduates have reported that getting a job with courses from ‘for profit’ colleges is becoming tougher than they thought, which leaves them unable to pay up for their student loans, and further cite that prospective employers consider their degrees valueless for the current market. In one of the interviews with one of Grand CanyonUniversity students, Martin Smith finds that the institution has around 40,000 students enrolled, but only 5,000 can be found in the university. All the other students login online form around the country to learn. This is one of the institutions taken up by Michael Clifford, a former musician with hardly any higher education. This only means it is more geared towards making profit.

Taking a closer look at these universities, they are spending a lot of money in marketing to attract more students, while a majority of their profit come through their online courses, which are easier to offer and more convenient for all people even the most busy. In addition, these universities can expand the number of students thy take by several times their current number through online facilities. This enables them to make enormous profits which otherwise would not be possible through the traditional universities.

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Hillsborough County Bar Association & National Bar Association

Hillsborough County Bar Association was started in 1896 and currently it has more than three thousand, seven hundred members (Hillsborough County Bar Association, 2000). In the beginning, the association was started for the purposes of serving the community. When it was started, it was registered under the non-profit making professional associational. The association deals with attorneys, the government, attorneys from the corporate society, judges and even student members. HCBA is an organization that unites all legal professionals to be ethical and professional. When the association was initiated, it did not limit the number or type of members who were going to join. According to the history of HCBA, the first president to be elected by the association was Joseph B. Wall who led for two years consecutively. However, the current president is Pedro, F. Bajo, Jr. The mission of this association was to promote and encourage respect for the judicial and law systems. It did this by serving the community professionally. Attorneys were advised to join this association because it was free to become a member, and there were many benefits to be enjoyed by the member. These benefits were extremely helpful in a member’s career (HCBA, 2000).

Hillsborough County Bar Association was first located in Tampa, Florida where it still is located today. In the beginning, the association was started to serve the people of Tampa, Florida before spreading to the other states in America. The founders of the associations in 1896 saw that there was a need to improve the profession to the members of the public as way of serving the community. In this case, the association did not charge for their services to the public. Therefore, their main aim of forming the association was to serve the community freely as they aim to improve the quality of professionalism in the profession.

The national bar association was formed in the 1925 as the Negro Bar Association, after the founders were denied membership into the American Bar Association. It was located in Des Moines, IOWA (Denise, Adrienne. 2010). The main founders of the association were Gertrude H. Woodson, S. Joe Brown Charles P. Howard, Sr. and James B Morris. These members were denied entry into the American Bar Association and as a result, they formed the National Bar Association formerly the Negro Bar Association. At this time in America, there was a lot of discrimination and the black people were being considered as second-class citizens. In this case, they were not allowed to join most of the associations at that time.

The main aim of the association was to allow the black people who were interested in the profession to join. Additionally, they wanted the black people to join a place where they will not be discriminated and yet they had the same knowledge as the whites. This means that the membership of the association was only limited to the African-Americans only. It used to represent the African American attorneys but after the law that scrapped of discrimination was introduced, the association changed its name from the Negro Bar Association to National Bar Association (Denise, Adrienne. 2010).

It is worth noting that both Hillsborough County Bar Association and National Bar Association were formed as non-profit making professional associations aimed at serving the community. In this case, they tried to improve the profession by educating both their members and the community at large about the law. Since, the inception of the two Associations, they have increased their dominance in the whole of United States of America with affiliate Associations and firms, which they formed to reach out to the people. However, in the early 1930s soon after the formation of the National Bar Association, the members mobilized themselves for the purposes of liberating the black people. All through the years, the two Associations have come to gain respect in the whole of America due to their tight principles of professionalism.

 

Reference:

Denise, Adrienne. (2010). Black History Information: The National Bar Association. University of Louisville. Retrieved from: http://www.law.louisville.edu/node/4479

Hillsborough County Bar Association. (2000). The Bulletin of the Hillsborough County Bar Association. Tampa, Fla.: Hillsborough County Bar Association.

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Natural Selection

Definition/meaning

Natural Selection was first brought up by a biologist known as Charles Darwin. It is a process that is both slow and systematic, where biological traits become either less or more common in a particular population. This is brought by the difference in the way the bearers give forth their offspring. In other words, the differences in occurring in particular populations can put them at an advantage or a disadvantage of surviving. This means that there are particular species, whether animals, humans or plants which have higher chances of surviving because of the way they appear in conjunction with other traits. Factors pertaining to natural selection include differences in traits, differences in bringing forth offsprings (reproduction), heredity and the outcome.

Example

If we take beetles as an example, there are green and brown beetles. It is clear that the environment has a limit in the population it can support. Due to this factor, some species do not get a chance to bring forth offspring to their maximum ability. Due to their appearance, the birds eat the green beetles more than they eat the brown ones. Due to this, the brown beetles have a chance of brining forth more offsprings than the green ones. In other words, the green beetles bring forth fewer baby beetles yet they are the ones being eaten more while one the hand, the brown beetles bring forth more baby beetles yet they are less eaten. Over time, the population of the beetles with the brown color will be more while those with the green color will be less. After a long period, the beetles with the green color may go extinct. To summarize the whole explanation, the brown color of the beetles puts them at an advantage of surviving as compared to the green coloring.

The natural selection factors have been portrayed in this example. The difference in traits is present in the green and the brown coloring on the beetles. The green color is more attractive to the birds as compared to the brown color. This is because it corresponds to the color of the other foods of the birds. The difference in reproduction (bringing forth baby beetles) is evident when the fewer green beetles are presented with a smaller opportunity to reproduce as compared to the brown beetles. In other words, many brown baby beetles are reproduced by the many brown beetles while the green beetles produce fewer green baby beetles. The heredity factor makes the presence of brown beetles to be more than the green beetles. The outcome is that the brown coloring on the brown baby beetles places them at a higher chance of surviving as compared to the green ones.

Natural selection mostly takes place in animals and plants. Although it can also take place in the human beings, the human beings prevent this from happening as they are more advanced in feelings, thoughts and have a conscious as compared to the rest of the environment. For example, dwarfs (short people) may be affected by natural selection. Their short nature makes them at a disadvantage over the other communities. As they are vulnerable, they can easily be overpowered by other communities, they are an easy target since humans are after land. This is why they do not live on the land, thus they live in forests. In a summary, the short nature of the dwarfs places them at a disadvantage survival over the other human beings. As well known, the population of the dwarfs is less than the rest of the population. However, natural selection can be attributed as the main reason resulting in the extinction and the reduction of some population. Diseases and the climate changes, amongst other factors, play major roles in the control of populations.

 

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Standards, Reporting and Enforcement

International Financial Reporting Standards

IFRS are standards used in accounting. They are set by the International Accounting Standards Board. The standards are slowly becoming the international standard for making financial statements in public companies. The United States is soon to adopt IFRS. This will be through the Security and Exchange Commission. SEC encouraged processes geared towards the formation of a global standard. These standards will serve as a framework for financial reporting. SEC went further to issue a Concept Release seeking to have IFRS adopted by public companies in the US. Many companies are being asked to prepare for the integration of IFRS into their systems. SEC is even setting clear strategies on the how this integration will be undertaken. It should be noted that IFRS already has a major influence in the US.

Rules Based and Principle Based Standards

Many differences exist between the rules based and principle based accounting systems. In the rules based system, when making financial statements, a company is required to adhere to a list of rules. These rules increase accuracy and reduce ambiguity. This system is advantageous because it provides accountants with a guideline that keeps them from breaking the law. However, the rules based standard tends to be complex. This complexity is heavily felt when preparing financial statements. This is because the set of rules has to be followed strictly. A good example of a rules based standard is International Financial Reporting Standards.

Principle based standards of accounting are a set of objectives that ensure proper financial reporting. The rules are however not applicable in all situations. They are broad guidelines that can be applied in different situations. This is the main difference between principle and rules based standards. In the principle-based standards, there are no precise requirements that may cause accountants to manipulate the system. This system provides the accountants with guiding examples. The examples also explain the objectives of the system. An example is the Generally Accepted Accounting Standards.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act

The SOX legislation was introduced to restore investor confidence in the corporate world. One of the requirements of the legislation is that every public company ensures that their internal controls are effective. Every year the management of these companies should assert the efficiency of their systems. For credibility, the companies are then to hire an external auditor to verify this efficiency. The auditor is to give a statement verifying the excellence of the company’s internal controls. The adaptation of SOX by US companies also costs them close to six billion dollars. It has also had various implications on the employees. Many equate SOX with endless paper work. The legislation has also required companies to work on the security of their data. SOX is also keen to ensure that data is backed up, and that there are adequate power supplies for the computers. The public companies are facing a number of challenges while trying to implement the SOX legislation. One of them is some companies have had to deal with lack of adequate space to store the paper files. Another challenge is that of comprehensively documenting activities of the company.

Global Resource Initiative

The main pouf GRI is to develop and distribute relevant reporting guidelines that assist companies to report on their various activities. The reporting may be on economic, social or environmental dimensions of companies. GRI employs four key elements in its framework: indicator protocols, technical protocols, sustainability reporting guidelines, sector supplements and technical protocols. It also encourages flexibility that allows companies to reflect on context of their operations. GRI can be used in both the informal and informal capacities of the different companies.

 

Reference List

Financial Accounting Standards Board. (2008). The hierarchy of generally accepted accounting principles. Norwalk, Conn: Financial Accounting Standards Board of the Financial Accounting Foundation.

Garner, D. E., McKee, D. L., & McKee, Y. A. A. (2008). Accounting and the global economy after Sarbanes-Oxley. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe.

Greuning, H. ., & World Bank. (2006). International financial reporting standards: A practical guide. Washington, D.C: World Bank.

 

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Journey to becoming oneself

            In reference, to Fr. Robert Lawton the journey to becoming oneself is risky. The risks can be attributed to strong inclinations on a person to be what others want or fit into a pre-established societal fabric. Once a person embarks on the journey to accomplishing oneself, the risk of conflicts with exterior inclinations is eminent. Inclinations on an individual can be from well-wishing guardians but they are still restrictive to a person living and accomplishing their inherent purpose. Guardians may have difficulties in setting boundaries to the extent of steering individuals to courses of life that seem most suited to them (guardians). Another risk of the Journey is loneliness where a person must prepare to stand out of the generic course or flow of events thus alienation from other people.

In the course of pursuing one’s goals, there are instances where one deals with unwholesome realities like discovering one’s weaknesses or vulnerable points for discouragement. It takes resilience to overcome such setbacks and the probability of failure emerges thus another risk making individuals avoid the journey to becoming one’s self. The discoveries in the “adventure” as referred to by Fr Robert Lawton are made difficult by the modern world’s tendency to compare. Comparison leads to the self-insecurity where an individual feels they are not good enough to attempt or posses’ inferior intrinsic abilities to achieve great feats. There by the risk of being compared to individuals considered better is innate for persons embarking on the journey to becoming themselves. However, it is in being oneself that most individuals considered better attained the position of fulfillment and happiness. Concisely stated, the journey to becoming oneself is risky because of the possible conflict, alienation and comparison facing the individual.

 

While embarking on my college career several risks lie ahead. Most risks in my journey are situational where I will be required to regularly evaluate my priorities in the manner I use my time and other resources. I face the risk of straining academically where a discrepancy may arise between my grades and academic goals consequently making me work harder to attain the required standards. Secondly, there lies the risk of association in reference to the friends and acquaintances I will choose to keep. Every association will have potential to make my focus on attain the desired career better or worse. Thirdly, there is a risk of my resources such as financial being insufficient to propel me to the desired academic and personal success.

On the adventure of being myself, several risks continually exist such as media influence and peer/family pressure. There are individuals in various fields such as sport, entertainment and academics whom I admire as well as closely observe. There is the risk of subtly wanting to be similar in terms of personality and mannerisms consequently loosing the self-uniqueness necessary to becoming myself. Additionally, there is an over emphasis on selected traits and aspects such as monetary success as equivalence of happiness while downplaying aspects such as integrity. Such an instance facades as a risk incase I forget what really counts in life other than the emphasized aspects. I value family and friends but this creates risk of conflict especially where the journey of becoming oneself requires making decision different from the perspectives they hold. Since no one desires to be alone, I may have to compromise the “adventure” to avoid alienation from family and friends.

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Compare and Contrast Othello and Iago

Othello is a dramatic play written by the great play writer, William Shakespeare. It is a play based on the Italian story, a Moorish Captain. It was written at around 1603 and Othello, the main character, is portrayed as a Moorish general. He worked in the army of that particular time. The setting of the play is Venice. Some of the thematic expressions brought out by the author are like love, discrimination based on race, jealousy and betrayal. Iago is the main antagonist in the play. He is a friend to Othello. He is very ambitious and gets jealous when Othello promotes another to the position of personal lieutenant. This act brews the plot of the story. Shakespeare then narrates the drama that ensues between Othello and Iago. The author does an impeccable job of displaying the two as rivals. Though they are rivals, Shakespeare displays various similarities existing between them. Their roles in the play are interpedently connected and build on each other in many ways.

The author expresses the drive of Iago’s character from the very beginning of the plot. Most of his actions in the play are driven by sheer jealousy. Iago explains to Roderigo that his hatred towards his once friend, Othello was sparked by Othello promoting Michael Cassio to lieutenant. In the plot, Iago is just a military officer and his need to rise above his rank supersedes that of anything else. “Be judge yourself, whether I in any just term am affin’d to love the Moor,’’ (Shakespeare, 38). These words from Iago seem to justify his anger towards Othello. He felt betrayed by an individual that he once considered a friend. Apart form this, he also smolders Cassio’s name, claiming that he is all talk and no action. This would mark the beginning of Iago as a villain in the text. Once a good man, he falls into vanity because of jealousy. He then goes to make sure that his intentions remain hidden from Othello. His intentions are to poison Venice against Othello.

Othello is the protagonist of the play. He is the best army general in Venice. He is married to a Venetian’s daughter. The prominent Venetian is Brabanito The union between Othello and Desdemona, his wife, spark many racial affronts against him. Othello was a black man and was considered vile. The plot of the play displays Othello’s as an honorable character. His traits are nothing but virtuous. He is intelligent and honorable. This image is tainted when he burns with jealousy. The envy is caused by allegations of a love affair between his wife and Michael Cassio. Othello’s love and possessiveness lead him to major extremes. He opts to kill Desdemona as opposed to seeing her with another man.

It is interesting to note that both Othello and Iago are defined by the Florentine Michael Cassio. He acts as a hinge character that creates a twist of events in the lives of the two characters. His promotion sparks jealousy that makes Iago to become a villain. He smolders with deadly anger. This is shown when he sends Roderigo to speak ill about Othello to Brabanito, “even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe,” (Shakespeare, 92). On the other hand, his alleged love affair with Desdemona also sparks jealousy on the side of Othello. Michael Cassio is used by the author to bring a major similarity in the characters of Othello and Iago. Though the two may appear to be different colors so to speak, there humanity connects them. Cassio brings out the extremity in their human emotions. Both Iago and Othello act irrationally because of jealousy.

Although similarities arise from the characters of Othello and Iago, there exists differences that define the characters as protagonist and antagonist respectively. Though the two are led by their emotions to act extremely, Othello’s motives appear to be noble and true as opposed to those of Iago that are funned by malice and deceit. Othello was led to believe that Desdemona had given Cassio Othello’s greatly cherished handkerchief. Othello had been given the handkerchief by his mother on her deathbed. She had asked him to give it to his future wife. “To lose ‘t  or  give ‘t were such perdition as nothing else could match” (Shakespeare, 69).The thought of this handkerchief being in another man’s hands infuriated him. Before killing his wife, he kisses her awake as a sign that he still loved her. His actions were done out of love. He loved the relationship he shared with his wife to the extent that he did not want to see it tainted. His humanity is seen when he confesses his vile after killing his wife.

Iago on the other hand is purely driven by malice and deceit. He had no affection towards Othello who had been led to believe the Iago was his friend. His coldness is seen when he lies to Othello without feeling an ounce of sympathy towards Othello who was once his friend. “I had rather have this tongue cut from my mouth than it should do offense to Michael Cassio,” (Shakespeare, 182). Iago spoke these words to Othello right before bearing false witness concerning Cassio. Iago had no shred of tenderness in him. This is shown in his deceit to the point of even advising Othello on how to kill his wife. He did this with the awareness that it was actually he that created the drift between Othello and Desdemona. Through all this, Iago expresses no intention to reveal all that he had been doing. The truth only comes out when Emilia, his wife, discloses his actions to Othello.

Iago defines Othello as a character. As the antagonist of the story, he is brought out as a malicious villain who has nothing but selfish interests at heart. His callousness is used by the author to bring out unseen vices of Othello. Iago helps to reveal to the audience the vulnerability and fallibility of Othello. Iago manages to deceive Roderigo into acting as his puppet. He manages to use him for vile. He also drags his wife along into his schemes and uses her to help in planting Desdemona’s handkerchief into Cassio’s room. The extremities of Othello are based on the malice of Iago. Iago greatly steers the plot of the play. His character helps to develop that of Othello.

Othello’s character lays emphasis on Iago’s vices. Iago’s inhumanity is greatly displayed when juxtaposed with the character of Othello. Othello’s vulnerability and naivety helps to portray Iago as a selfless character. His honesty in admitting the act of killing his wife further magnifies Iago’s malice and deception. Othello helps to curve the sculpture of Iago’s character in the minds of the audience.

The roles of the two characters are interdependently woven. The author has used the both of them to highlight various characters in each other. Though the characters converge at some point in terms of their traits, they remain to be two distinct characters that give different contributions to the plot of the play.

 

Work Cited

Shakespeare, William. Othello. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1948. Print.

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English

            Whales are the largest known mammals on the planet earth. These gigantic creatures roam both the deep and narrow seas in search of convenient regions to reproduce and feed. The grey whale is one of the species of these huge mammals. However, these beautiful and majestic creatures are facing extinction in view of the changing climate known as global warming. One of the sources used in the collection of information concerning the grey whales is a short film on You Tube known as, “Grey whale migration” derived from the National Geographic channel. This movie narrates of how various animals including grey whales travel for many miles every spring to turbulent waters in America’s west coasts, to feed on the tiny sea creatures attracted to the surface by the warm air. Another source is the documentary by Jean-Michel Cousteau known as, “Ocean Adventures -Gray Whale.” This documentary narrates of the life cycle of the grey whale whereby the whales breed in the northern coast of Mexico and later on migrate northwards to the arctic gulf to feed.

The later documentary details a vivid description of the animal’s lifecycle from where they are born to their feeding grounds. This documentary continues to highlight on how global warming has negatively influenced the survival of the grey whales. The first documentary, on the other hand, is vague as it has limited information. This documentary however, narrates on one of the Grey Whales’ threat, the killer whale. There is an instance where the documentary details of a killer whale attack where the mother manages to save its young calf.

In the lagoons of Baha, Mexico, an entire species of grey whales meet to mate and bring forth new born. The tranquil lagoons offer ideal conditions for these mammals to reproduce. They later travel thousands of miles bearing north along the coast of Alaska and continue north passing the Bering straight to Point Barrow and into Alaska. The whales feed only during the winter season an ancient seasoned cycle where they replenish themselves. During winter, the grey whale’s feeding ground is riddled with their diet that includes amphibious, krill, lope-pods, plankton and mollusks.

Grey whales are also known to feed on squid and some fish from the ocean floor. Adult grey whales are known to have a gigantic appetite consuming up to three hundred kilograms of food on a single day. This is equivalent to six hundred and sixty pounds. Grey whales are known to be carnivorous and a secondary consumer. Their feeding techniques include scrapping their mouth along the ocean flour. In this process, the creatures get to pick up numerous creatures lying on the ocean floor with their mouth.

These whales then utilize their baleen teeth in filtering through the nourishing organic food after which the food is swallowed. The calves travel with their mother across the seas and derive their dietary requirements from their mother’s fatty nutritious milk. The calves are known to consume from twenty-two to thirty-six kilograms in a single day. The mother and calf bond is known to last for a year.

However, global warming is now putting these creatures on the brink of extinction. Global warming refers to the rise in average temperatures resulting from factors such as ozone depletion from green house gases. Research indicates that global warming has resulted in the loss of close to thirty percent of the BerringSea in the last three decades. Since these lands are the only known feeding grounds for these creatures, most of them have since died due to lack of food. Warmer temperatures mean less food for the animals and close to a third of their population died between the years of 1999 and 2000 because of starvation.

 

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Ezra and Nehemiah

Ezra and Nehemiah were against foreign marriages because it was forbidden in God’s laws. The Israelites had been taken captive in a foreign land, but there were those who remained. The kings of Persia were merciful to them, and they did not die. These two leaders felt compelled to honor the laws of God. God had forbidden intermarriage because that land was corrupt and the people had sinned against Him. Since the Israelites were the chosen nation, they were not supposed to interact with the people they met on that land. Unfortunately, the Israelites disobeyed God and married people from Babylon. When Ezra was informed about violation of God’s laws, he was devastated. He even tore his clothes and fell down to plead with God for His forgiveness. He considered people arrogant and unfaithful because they were left behind. God had chosen a few people to be remnants, but now they were seen unworthy of that favor.

As the leader of the chosen people, Ezra stood in the gap and pleaded to God on behalf of the people. He felt terrible because the Israelites had been taken into exile because of their sins. This judgment from God was to make them repentant and renew their commitment to God. They made it worse by intermarrying with foreigners. During Ezra’s prayer of repentance, he did several actions. As a sign of sorrow and mourning, he tore his tunic and cloak. Showing sorrow is an important part of intercession because it shows one is truly honest with God. The prayer lasted for a long time. He spent many hours beseeching God to forgive the people. Long hours of prayer show how he labored interceding for the people. When he prayed, his hands were spread out and he was kneeling down as a sign of humility. In his prayer, he told God that he could not look up because he was ashamed of the people’s sins. He was respectful to God because, in his prayers, he did not dare to make any petitions. He felt the people were not worthy of any favors from God. All he did was to thank God for his mercy.

Both Nehemiah and Ezra applied similar solutions to intermarriage problems. All those who had foreign wives had to send them away with their children. The rest of the people joined Ezra in praying for their forgiveness. They cried bitterly since they also felt remorseful about their actions. In fact, one of them confessed having violated God’s laws. A covenant was made between God and the Israelites. Ezra was going to lead the making of the covenant, according to God’s counsel. All the Israelites took an oath to do what they had resolved. Afterwards, Ezra headed to Jehohanan’s room and continued to fast. This was because he was still mourning. Later all the Israelites were gathered and they agreed not to associate themselves with Babylonians again. Those guilty of intermarriage were judged before elders and judges. Those from the priesthood lineage who had intermarried, paid a fine of a ram and were instructed to send away their wives.

In the New Testament, Paul advocates mixed marriages. They should only happen between people who are believers. If one becomes a non-believer, then he or she should separate from the other. I am in support of mixed marriage in our society. They enhance co-existence and integration. When people from different communities marry, those communities will live peacefully. It is a convenient way of getting rid of racial discrimination and ethnicity. In both New and Old Testament, divorce is highly discouraged. Only in very special circumstances are they allowed. For instance, when the Israelites intermarried with foreigners, they had to divorce them. Another reason that allows divorce is infidelity in marriages. The Bible permits divorce if such a case happens. However, married couples are advised to highly consider forgiving before resulting to divorce. Those who are forgiven should reform and avoid repeating the mistakes in the future.

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Corporate Social Responsibility in Data

Executive Summary

Many terminologies are variedly used in capturing business roles with an aim of sustaining development. They have varying meanings dependent on the contexts of usage. Corporate social responsibility is commonly perceived by many as a business committing itself to improving and managing environmental, economic, as well as implications on society; managing its activities form organization, local through to the worldwide level, and rightly so (Singer, 4). Corporate social responsibility is normally implemented as a means of a company engaging partnerships involving multi stakeholders as forms of sustainable progress and development. The main idea is that a business goes out of its way and engages in activities of ‘giving back’ to the society and environment (Singer, 4).

The corporate social responsibility concept is gradually gaining a forward momentum, as political, social-economic, and global issues are continually demanding solutions from both public and private sectors. By establishing a broader capacity in society (through the public sector, developments in the multilateral sector, as well as the civil society), there will be room for sustainable and holistic solutions to these encumbering issues. This method of approach will assist in bridging gaps separating worldwide countries and therefore improve the poor governance between the private and public sectors. There has to be an encouragement of stakeholders forming multi partnerships, dully developed and encouraged in order to build and support the much-needed social alliance.

Scandals in the corporate governance, for example, Tyco and Enron, have had a profound effect on major worldwide capital markets, eventually firmly placing ethical issues, transparency and accountability in policy and business regulation agendas. In the year 2000, there was an adoption of multinational enterprise guidelines. These particular guidelines highlighted the recommendations on how businesses could be conducted responsibly. Governments as well as heads of states who attended a United Nations world summit acknowledged adoption of corporate social responsibility as a fundamental approach of tackling issues developing globally. The Millennium Development Goal is also soliciting for corporate social responsibilities bestowed upon authoritative identities across the globe throughout the private and public sectors. In addition, in the same year, the World Economic Forum established a worldwide initiative, which mobilized and organized all of its members on the importance and benefits of development issues such as corporate social responsibility.

An organization will therefore need to commit itself to sustainable means job creation, poverty alleviation, and providing education as well as other methods. This means that corporate social programs have to be thought as efforts strategically planned in accord to an organization’s strengths, and not ill-motivated philanthropic projects (Singer, 24). Moreover, an organization should engage in better communicating motives and commitment in social developments. Among numerous companies, firms and organization selflessly engaging in corporate social responsibility endeavors, Emirates Group “Dnata” is a renowned organization with a good reputation of giving back to the community.

Company Background

            The emirates group is a conglomerate company encompassing public services on international tourism and traveling. The company’s headquarters are stationed in Garhoud Dubai. The emirates group is in accord with Dnata, a company engaging in aviation services, providing its services at seventeen different airports as well as in the Emirates Airline, the largest Middle East airline (Sundaram, 12). Airlines in the Emirates Company offer flight services to over one hundred different destinations across six global continents operating with well over 130 good conditioned aircrafts. The company is deemed one of the largest employers in Asia with over fifty thousand employees working in its entire fifty sub headquarter locations and associated units. In terms of ownership, the Emirates Group is entirely owned and operated by the Dubai government with direct connections with the Dubai Investment. The company’s origin hails from the time when the British in the 1950s decided to withdraw from Dubai. This immediately prompted a declaration on an open trading policy, open skies and open seas in the country in order to promote development. There was an ambition from the country’s authorities to withdraw all its dependence on the oil reserves that were beginning to show signs of depletion.

In 1959, Dubai National Air Transport Association (DNATA) was established. The venture was immediately successful and began to employ 2500 employs within its first five years in operation (Sundaram, 22). The initial stages of the company encompassed segments in three units: Dnata Agencies, DnataAirport operations and Dnata Cargo Agencies. In the middle of the 1980 decade, Gulf Air withdrew it assistance to Dubai. Emirates then had no other choice but to accept offered services from the royal family in Dubai. The company also moved to lease a Boeing airplane from Pakistan Airlines in order the shortage crisis at hand. The company named Maurice Flanagan as its managing director (a former practitioner in British Air force and the Royal Air Ways.

The company gradually became profitable, beginning with an initial carriage of 250,000 passengers and ten thousand tones of luggage. By 1987, the company had already started to incorporate new destinations in route network; Dhaka, Colombo and Amman just to name a few.

The airline continued to grow, gaining the reputation of the fastest growing airline company by the period of the early 90’s. Finances would see revenues skyrocket to about a hundred million dollars annually, almost clocking five hundred million dollars by the year 1993. The same year witnessed the company record luggage carriage of seventy thousand tones and passengers numbering 1.5 million (Sundaram, 28). The Gulf war was a large propellant for Emirates’ success, as its flights did not cover the area. Emirates airline was the only airline doing business during the last days of the war. At the fall of 1993, Dnata decided to collaborate with United States Airways, going on to become the sixth largest airline in the entire Middle East. The financial year 1994 saw the airline record a rise in revenues up to six hundred million dollars, employing four thousand employees, and seeing of its two million passengers in thirty-four different destinations. By the year 2011, the Airline had witnessed massive growth in its destination list, luggage carrier and passenger transportation. The company is currently the largest Boeing 777 Airline operator on a global front. The primary focus of the company is to services to its customers at a superior front (Sundaram, 8).

CSR Implementation

The Emirates Group is conscious about its corporate responsibility in the society and has a vision of entrenching this ideology across institutions all over the Middle East as well as participating in community development in the private sector, environmental, cultural, health and educational areas. The company’s objectives are focused on developing strategies, and plans fostered to promote corporate social responsibility, encourage its employees and members to embrace these strategies and help share the responsibility experiences in order to highlight the successes of this program (Sundaram, 45). Emirates groups have employed staff numbering thirty nine thousand. The emirates Group, its parent company, is responsible for creating employment opportunities for fifty thousand individuals. The primary focus of the organization is aimed at delivering quality customer service fostered through well-trained employees. In turn, the company believes it has a social responsibility towards it employees, and it therefore rewards them with benefits such as sick leaves, catering for their maternity expenses, and awarding plans on comprehensive health. Another social responsibility approach the company uses involves sharing profits and paying on merit as a competency approach based on performance management.

The company deems its employees as its most valuable asset and argues that their overall development is attributed to their staggering pace, and that their efforts should be rewarded. On the company’s dedication towards being socially responsible towards its employees, it does not overlook rewarding its stakeholders. Many of the company’s competitors have faltered heavily on the economical constraints of fuel prices; but Emirates group continues to register profits. The achieved profits lead the company to have an objective of being socially responsible by minimizing its overall usage on resources, while at the same time minimizing pollution and waste generation, as a means of being environment conscious. The company has spent considerable amounts on its funds on research of environmental conservation in terms of its airline fleet, and has gone on to purchase airplane fleets developed to be eco efficient and friendly (Sundaram, 52).

The company’s focus on being environmentally friendly does not dwell in the skies only, but is also making its mark on the ground. Emirates Group is heavily involved in conserving and preserving cultural as well as natural heritage of Asia, through its collaboration with the Dubai Conservation Reserve. Moreover, the organization is involved in developing sustainable conservation in The National Park, which is the largest area in the United Arab Emirates with numerous species of animals living within it. Current concerns have now made it the most protected. The company’s approach on environmental preservation and developments does not stop there. It has engaged in further involved itself in Australia, creating a destination deemed to be among one of the most eco friendly in the world, The Wolgan Valley Resort and Spa.

Analysis and Recommendation  

            Many organizations have had strategies of philanthropy in society, selecting a section of their earned profits and giving it back to society, as contributions for charity to various causes, and rightly so (Alan, 13). The Emirates Group Company is no different, as it engages in socially responsible practices. However, I could not help but notice that the company is focusing its efforts in the private sector, with minimal emphasis on the public; such as education and hospitability towards the society. In my opinion, I would recommend the company to shift part of its focus on to mitigating negative issues surrounding globalization, which is an aspect threatening the entire world, as well addressing societal issues on an ethical value approach. This does mean focusing its responsibility on its stakeholders, environment and employees alone, but to also include the community. Ultimately, corporate social responsibility involves approaches that deliver sustainable development both society and the environment. Furthermore, polls conducted recently from research revealed that investors, employees, governments, as well as consumers, have a tendency of making choices concerning an organization with regard to the company’s reputation on corporate social responsibility (Alan, 25). If Dnata opts to be socially responsible on all fronts, it will go to show the good reputation it will receive from its concerned parties.

Conclusion    

It is my belief that corporate social responsibility is a brilliant philosophy that should have an objective of permeating throughout the structure of an organization as well as the rest of the society, where everybody should be involved. The main challenge however rests on evolving newer and better approaches on integrating economic, social and sustainable environmental strategies, in order to encourage in active organizations to mimic this strategy. In my view, what the world requires is leadership in being socially responsible.       

Works Cited

Alan, D S. “Corporate Social Responsibility Implementation: Comparison of Large Not-for-Profit and For-Profit Companies.” International Journal of Accounting and Information Management. 19.3 (2011): 231-246. Print.

Singer, Alan E, and Pavel Castka. Corporate Social Responsibility: Csr. (2008). Print.

Sundaram, Nataraja, and Al-Aali Abdulrahman. “The Exceptional Performance Strategies of Emirate Airlines.” Competitiveness Review: an International Business Journal. 21.5 (2011): 471-486. Print.

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Audience Analysis

This is a guide for size of population in the residents of area Y. The age of the population in this region ranges from about thirty percentage of university students, forty percentage of working individuals and thirty percentages of individuals who have retired. The ratio of male to female in terms of age is approximately fifty percent to fifty percent. Every single reader will be expected to have at least a high school diploma although it will comprise of people up to PHD level. The region is composed of different ethnicities comprising of: forty percent of whites; twenty percent of blacks; ten percent of Asians and ten percent of Hindus.

Residents in the area are mostly business oriented and so most of the people in the area depend on employment and entrepreneurship as a way of making a living. Education is highly valued among the people but also very expensive hence not accessible to everyone. The nuclear families in the region are large as the dwellers think of their children as a source of wealth. Moreover, Houses are differently structured, some are very congested while others are well spaced out and with a compound within. The many ethnicities tend to get along very well and seem but put much blame on the economy for imbalance.

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A very populated dwelling

Population control is a predicament faced by almost all the nations in the world. Over the years, human population has been increasing drastically in contrast to the ever-declining economy and resources. The effects given birth to by highly populated areas are extremely grave and if ignored could bring very unpleasant expectations for our fellow brothers and sisters in the future age bracket. .however living in a very populated dwelling is not entirely horrid. It also favors’ various aspects in our lives and therefore and hence cannot be disregarded.

.Increased reproduction can be termed as one of the root causes of overpopulation in an area. This is evident from the high birth rate in the nation (Berlatsky, 1990). Surveys further support this by demonstrating that the rate of birth in comparison later days has increased with advancing technology and healthcare facilities. Nowadays technology has provided devises and medications that increase fertility among human beings. Another saddening factor that has promoted overpopulation is increased immorality. Children are now more than ever engaging themselves in sexual activities that lead to unwanted pregnancies, which consequently lead to increased birth rate.

Another fundamental cause is the decrease in death rate in a nation (Keyfitz, 1990). From a nonprofessional’s understanding, one would perceive that as years go by the elderly die in order to give space for the newly born so as have population balance in an area. Thanks to the advanced treatments and medicine, people are able to survive from a fatal illness that otherwise would have been a death sentence in early days. This in return causes a high rate of overpopulation in an area, as the available resources are not enough to cater for both.

Illiteracy also proves to play a crucial role in overpopulation. It has been proved that areas that tend to be overpopulated are occupied by the poor who may have little no education. This people may lack knowledge on the use of family planning and hence end up having borne many unplanned for children. They may also not understand the great danger they are imposing to the nation by doing so. Migration is also a major aspect that promotes overpopulation in an area (Guskin, 2007). Cases of immigration have increased with an increase of insecurity in some nations. This in return forces people to move to another area to another. In the new area, they find already existent dwellers but still settle there. Congestion is derived from such a situation and for this reason brings rise to overpopulation

However, living in a very populated dwelling has its great share of benefits. For instance, there is availability of cheap labour. In an area that is densely populated there is likelihood of many people within the society seeking for jobs (Keyfitz, 1990). With minimal opportunities to choose from, employers may exploit workers by offering little wages. This works to the employer’s advantage since they are able to acquire cheap labour. Secondly, it tends to promote skilled talents in an area. In an area where population is high and opportunities are scarce, people will strive to better themselves in their talents in order to curtail the high competition among them. Consequently the work force is very productive and thus boosting the overall economy.

Thirdly, a highly populated area can help in boosting security in an area. Owing to increase of population and violence among people, the government strives to develop new strategies to keep crime and violence in the society at stand still (Berlatsky, 1990). This would lead to creation and promotion of police post in the area and frequent patrol at night .furthermore it would help keep the security officers alert thus preventing possible threats and increasing defense Furthermore, populated areas aids in boosting the growth of the economy and market size. Due to increased population and little demand for white-collar jobs, people are more likely to venture into entrepreneurship. By doing so, they create job opportunities for others and improve standard of living. Overall, this lends a hand to a country’s economy through the taxes and revenues collected from the businesses.

Additionally, a populated area promotes cultural diversity among the societal members. This could be mostly because of migration (Guskin, 2007). It would enable members form different communities to interact and learn from each other. More so, it would enable different communities to appreciate each other’s culture with an aim to create harmony. Moreover, it promotes the tourism industry in terms of growth by offering diverse tourism attractions.

On the contrary, living in a highly populated dwelling could bring various adverse effects, one being food shortage (Desonie, 2008). When the number of people increases in an area, demand for more production of food also increases. Failure to observe and follow this trend may lead to scarcity of food, which in return may cause a catastrophe to the area since people will suffer from hunger and malnutrition especially the children. This may then increase chances of falling sick and promote death from hunger related illnesses.

Overpopulation may also slow development of an economy (Guskin, 2007). When an area is overpopulated, natural resources are usually overused meaning that there is a likelihood of depletion. This later would result to lack of food for the growing nation, such situation would force the active government to borrow funds other foreign nations to prevent starvation. This then reflects badly on the county’s economic growth since the country is in debt and consequently, the country focuses on paying debts rather than promoting growth.

Shortage of water may also be a vital adverse effect of overpopulation (Berlatsky, 1990). Water is life and without it, human beings are likely to suffer. In a high population, water is very resourceful but also highly demanded. It is essential for farmers, as they require a lot of it for irrigation purposes to produce more food. Furthermore, it is critical when it comes to household activities and personal hygiene. Shortage may be induced by the high over consumption and this may bring severe consequences such as water borne diseases.

Moreover, overpopulation causes congestion in an area. As the number of people increases so does the demand for housing. This results to construction of very many buildings in a small area. What’s more, the housing structures may be of low quality such as slums to bridge the gap for those who cannot afford to live well-established houses. This then gives rise to overcrowded neighborhoods that may pose threat to ones health

The most probable effect of overcrowding in an area is degradation of an environment (Zeaman, 2002). It is only in densely populated areas where you will find inappropriate disposal of solid wastes such as containers, plastics and bottles. This usually the case since waste produced is a lot and very little is done in managing the waste. Sewage is also poorly managed in such instances and this then affects water supply by polluting it. This poses very dangerous threats to the environment and the future society.

Health difficulties are also likely to erupt from overpopulation whereby the environment and water supplies are affected (Desonie, 2008). A dirty environment attracts pests and insects such as cockroaches and flies that are germ causing and harmful to ones health. Therefore, diseases such as typhoid and cholera became common in an area. Worst still, due to the many number of people the disease also spread like bush fire due to the rate of congestion. Communicable and water borne diseases are the mostly likely suffered diseases.

Another effect of overpopulation is decreased standards of living (Zeaman, 2002). For a country doing bad economically, the population is likely to suffer. This is because of high prices in basic commodities and high taxes pose to people by the government. Moreover, the resources available are limited and hence productivity in inhibited thus causing poor standards of living and promoting poverty. Every country strives to establish a balance in its population for its betterment. Some of the measures that should be observed in order to attain that would be to firstly, lower the rate of birth. This would mean to standardize the number of children in which a family should attain for a balance to be created. This would be helpful as it would assist the government to plan and the standards of living would be high since resources would not be overstretched.

Secondly, educating people on various issues concerning population would be a shrewd step to take (Berlatsky, 1990). The government should ensure that all the people especially women and young girls are educated on family planning and its importance. More emphasis should be put on people coming from remote areas where people tend to be uninformed. They should also be in a position to provide the necessary treatment free of charge or at a subsidized price to enable them to access them. This would greatly promote controlled birth rate and reduce congestion.

Other than Family planning, people should be educated on the importance of maintaining our environment. They should shed light on the importance of hygiene and being responsible beings for the good of the environment (Desonie, 2008). They should also be taught on various diseases and possible consequences that would occur due to negligence. Such studies should mostly emphasized in schools to ensure the young grow up to be responsible and appreciative of the environment and natural resources

Living in a populated dwelling has its vicissitudes. Its important for a country or an individual to establish the appropriate standard of living that is suitable and work towards reaching  set targets .It is also wise to note that its not necessarily the size of population that determines the productivity of a dwelling place rather the effort made by the dwellers to make the place productive ,

 

 

References

Berlatsky, N. (2009). Population growth. Detroit: Greenhaven Press

Desonie, D. (2008). Humans and the natural environment: The future of our planet. New York: Chelsea House Publishers.

Guskin, J., & Wilson, D. L. (2007). The politics of immigration: Questions and answers. New York: Monthly Review Press.

Keyfitz, N., & Flieger, W. (1990). World population growth and aging: Demographic trends in the late twentieth century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Zeaman, J. (2002). Overpopulation. New York: Franklin Watts.

 

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