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Natural Selection
Definition/meaning
Natural Selection was first brought up by a biologist known as Charles Darwin. It is a process that is both slow and systematic, where biological traits become either less or more common in a particular population. This is brought by the difference in the way the bearers give forth their offspring. In other words, the differences in occurring in particular populations can put them at an advantage or a disadvantage of surviving. This means that there are particular species, whether animals, humans or plants which have higher chances of surviving because of the way they appear in conjunction with other traits. Factors pertaining to natural selection include differences in traits, differences in bringing forth offsprings (reproduction), heredity and the outcome.
Example
If we take beetles as an example, there are green and brown beetles. It is clear that the environment has a limit in the population it can support. Due to this factor, some species do not get a chance to bring forth offspring to their maximum ability. Due to their appearance, the birds eat the green beetles more than they eat the brown ones. Due to this, the brown beetles have a chance of brining forth more offsprings than the green ones. In other words, the green beetles bring forth fewer baby beetles yet they are the ones being eaten more while one the hand, the brown beetles bring forth more baby beetles yet they are less eaten. Over time, the population of the beetles with the brown color will be more while those with the green color will be less. After a long period, the beetles with the green color may go extinct. To summarize the whole explanation, the brown color of the beetles puts them at an advantage of surviving as compared to the green coloring.
The natural selection factors have been portrayed in this example. The difference in traits is present in the green and the brown coloring on the beetles. The green color is more attractive to the birds as compared to the brown color. This is because it corresponds to the color of the other foods of the birds. The difference in reproduction (bringing forth baby beetles) is evident when the fewer green beetles are presented with a smaller opportunity to reproduce as compared to the brown beetles. In other words, many brown baby beetles are reproduced by the many brown beetles while the green beetles produce fewer green baby beetles. The heredity factor makes the presence of brown beetles to be more than the green beetles. The outcome is that the brown coloring on the brown baby beetles places them at a higher chance of surviving as compared to the green ones.
Natural selection mostly takes place in animals and plants. Although it can also take place in the human beings, the human beings prevent this from happening as they are more advanced in feelings, thoughts and have a conscious as compared to the rest of the environment. For example, dwarfs (short people) may be affected by natural selection. Their short nature makes them at a disadvantage over the other communities. As they are vulnerable, they can easily be overpowered by other communities, they are an easy target since humans are after land. This is why they do not live on the land, thus they live in forests. In a summary, the short nature of the dwarfs places them at a disadvantage survival over the other human beings. As well known, the population of the dwarfs is less than the rest of the population. However, natural selection can be attributed as the main reason resulting in the extinction and the reduction of some population. Diseases and the climate changes, amongst other factors, play major roles in the control of populations.
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