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Milton’s treatment of Satan in Paradise Lost

Introduction

The poem Paradise Lost made John Milton to be considered an epic poet. Paradise Lost is one of the most contested works that has been both highly criticized and appreciated. Several critiques dispute almost all the aspects of the poem, which is mainly attributable to interpretive problems and differences. Milton’s work is quite difficult to understand and my own understanding of Paradise Lost is greatly shaped by criticism from critiques such as C. S. Lewis, Waldock, William Empson, William Flesch, and Regina M. Schwartz. This paper is a critique analysis of Paradise Lost. The paper will give an account of Milton’s treatment of Satan, while taking into account the critical tradition and debate represented by some of Teskey critics mentioned above.

Like other epics, Milton’s poem, Paradise Lost celebrates a culture or a religion he fervently fought for. Satan is one character who has and still provokes emotions such as loathe, despise, and terror. However, these emotions are mainly elicited by the societal reflections on Satan and not from individual experiences. Generally, Satan is a character who is admired by some writers due to his reputation of pursuing evil. Milton is one such writer who demonstrates Satan as a hero though in a negative way (Herman and Sauer 50-54).

Milton did not intend to popularize the evilness associated with Satan. On the contrary, he wants to establish Satan’s motive of wanting to be above his peers. While describing the Creation and Fall of Man, Milton focuses more on roles of Satan other than those of God. However, he is able to defend God’s superiority and virtuous intentions and portray Satan as malicious and compelling. Milton’s depicts Satan as one who understands our interests and plans to use this knowledge to deceive us into believing that he cares for us (“Answerable Style”: The Genre of Paradise Lost Web).

According to C. S. Lewis, “Every poem can be considered in two ways- as what the poet has to say and as a thing which he makes. From the one point of view it is an expression of opinions and emotions; from the other, it is an organization of words which exists to produce a particular patterned experience in readers” (Milton and Gordon, “Paradise Lost: Authoritative Text, Sources and Backgrounds, Criticism” 404). Milton’s poem has different variations of epic conventions, which makes it prevalent. In Paradise Lost, Satan is one of the characters whom some critics such as William Blake and Percy Bysshe Shelley consider the epic hero of the poem. This is because Milton uses allusions from famous heroic poems to refer to Satan. However, others disagree with this view mainly due to the glitches associated with viewing Satan as a hero. Lewalski, who is opposed to the view of Satan as a hero argues that “ by measuring Satan against the heroic standards, we become conscious of the inadequacy and fragility of all the heroic virtues celebrated  in literature, of the susceptibility of them all to demonic perversion” (“Answerable Style”: The Genre of Paradise Lost, Web).

Satan is arguably the hero of Milton’s epic poem. However, he is more of a parody of the epic hero as most critics of Milton’s poem argue. As opposed to the positive success associated with epic heroes, Milton portrays Satan as an inverted epic with reversed epic conventions. By considering Satan as a tragic hero, Milton is able to draw the attention of the readers whom he exposes to the several flaws of Satan. He thus depicts Satan as the ultimate sinner by conferring the anti-hero traits in him. In Milton’s views, Satan is sinful but undermines God’s forgiveness. He is a person who acts at his own will, which is sinful (Milton , Paradise Lost Summary and Analysis Web).

Initially, Milton demonstrates Satan as a tester of faith. However, he is not as evil as depicted today. In some instances, Milton gives accounts of Satan working under God though as the highest angel in command. However, he eventually decides to limit his loyalty and starts questioning God’s authority. It is after his disobedience and dismissal from heaven that Milton starts to paint Satan as evil and source of all evil. As opposed to what many people believe, Satan has not always been evil. It is understandable why Milton appears to sympathize with Satan when he fails to acknowledge his mistakes and ask for forgiveness. Instead, Satan rebels and ends up falling into hell. Milton’s account depicts that it was not Satan’s intention to be extremely disloyal. Satan’s rebellious nature made him go too far and he eventually ended up being evil (“Answerable Style”: The Genre of Paradise Lost Web).

Right from the start, Milton ensures the reader understands that Paradise Lost is not just an epic poem but a theodicy meant to defend the omnipotence of God irrespective of the existence of the evil. Milton invokes the aid of his muse, the Holy Spirit, and requests for divine assistance. He goes ahead and states the purpose of his epic poem when he states

“Asserts eternal providence

And justify the ways of God to men” (Milton, Paradise Lost: A Poem, Volume 1, 5-6).

This demonstrates that Milton is religious and his views regarding Satan are based on his religious understanding. This is so because he makes use of biblical allusions to create an image of Satan. Additionally, he is supporting the greatness of his work and authority to write by comparing it with the inspiration possessed by the writer of biblical scriptures. In Satan’s speech to Beelzebub Milton clearly demonstrates the boastful nature of Satan. Even after being defeated by God, he stresses, “All is not Lost” (Milton, Paradise Lost: A Poem, Volume 1, 17-2) since he vows never to submit to God’s authority. Though he admits that God’s son is “the potent Victor” and recognizes the superiority of God, he declares he will never seek for forgiveness.

Lewis considers Milton’s depiction of Satan as one suffering from a poor self-worth a “State of mind which we can all study in domestic animals, children, film stars, politicians, or minor poets.” He claims that a “sense of injur’d merit” (Milton and Gordon, Paradise Lost: Authoritative Text, Sources and Backgrounds, Criticism 401) tends to be laughed at when it cannot hurt for example when possessed by a jealous dog. However, the same sense can be dangerous when possessed by politicians where “it escapes ridicule only by being more mischievous” (Milton and Gordon, Paradise Lost: Authoritative Text, Sources and Backgrounds, Criticism 401). Lewis view of Satan as one with impaired self-image is stirring. In my opinion, Milton, wants to depict Satan as one seeking for attention by thinking that he was impaired. He is able to demonstrate his Satanic predicament through his actions.

Just as Regina  Schwartz argues, Satan’s Narcissism is most powerfully evidence in his refusal to acknowledge the Other, his Creator. His claim to be self-begotten, his resistance to the Son, all bespeaks a towering self-love” (Milton and Gordon, Paradise Lost: Authoritative Text, Sources and Backgrounds, Criticism 429). This is depicted from Milton’s treatment of Satan as one who failed to acknowledge the power possessed by God. He repeatedly questions God’s authority. He advocates for equality and opposed monarchism.

William Blake argues that Milton depicts God as inferior to Satan. He thus considers Milton to be Satanic. On the contrary, Milton does not depict God as lesser. He wants the reader to understand that Satan speeches appear impressive and logic but are nonsensical and perverted. This is clearly spelt when Milton lets Satan trick and seduce Adam and Eve leading them to sin. Readers are thus able to realize that Satan’s motives are evil though they appear appealing. By focusing much on Satan, Milton manages to portray his true nature (Blake 1435-1436).

William Flesch appears to defend Satan when he argues that “There is no reason to doubt that Satan’s expectations were encouraged by a genuine belief that God ruled through what Milton scornfully calls “custom and awe” and Satan calls “Consent of Custom”  (Milton and Gordon, Paradise Lost: Authoritative Text, Sources and Backgrounds, Criticism 426). Flesch opposes most of Milton’s religious allusion. However, he agrees with the idea that Satan has his own problems and adversities. Flesch views are intriguing and provide insights on some of the factors that could have contributed to Satan’s disloyalty towards God. He failed to understand the existence of hierarchy and that there is no power other than God. He thus gets an urge to revolt against God, whom he considers tyrant other than a worship icon.

Although Satan is not human, Milton’s poem portrays him as a Renaissance man by emphasizing on his wisdom and achievements. Just like the Renaissance man, Satan is only concerned about his self-advancement. Everything he does is aimed at getting what he wants irrespective of the results, most of which are destructive (Milton and Gordon, Paradise Lost: Authoritative Text, Sources and Backgrounds, Criticism, 408). In some areas, Milton appears to sympathize with Satan. This drives William Blake to posit, “Milton was of the devil’s party without knowing it” (Blake 1430). He considers Satan brave for rebelling against what he calls “God’s tyranny.” Milton justifies this as he considers it a sign of bravely and courage. In my opinion, this is mistaken since Satan is acting out of God’s will out to demonstrate his animosity. Satan’s rebellion against God parallels Adam and Eve’s disobedience, which brought sin and death into the world. Satan’s selfish nature is demonstrated by his act of manipulating Hector and his wife who are considered his son and daughter (Blake 1430-1433). I differ with T. S. Eliot when he posits that “Many people will agree that a man may be great artistic and yet have a bad influence. There is more of Milton’s influence in his badness and the bad verse of the eighteenth century than of anybody else: he certainly did more harm than Dryden and Pope” (Milton and Gordon, Paradise Lost: Authoritative Text, Sources and Backgrounds, Criticism 400). This is in relation to Milton’s portrayal of Satan as a hero in Paradise lost. As opposed to Eliot’s view Milton aims was to demonstrate the evilness of Satan. The depiction of Satan as a hero is mainly found in commentaries on Milton’s work. It is thus not Milton’s opinion that is destructive but the different conflicting opinions regarding his work. If interpreted appropriately portrays Satan as a hero in a negative way. Milton, descriptions of Satan reveal hero who destroys other than constructing (Milton Web).

Waldock feels that Milton’s speeches on Satan “lifts Satan a little beyond what Milton Really intended” (414). This is accurate and it leads to the view that Milton supported Satanism. However, Milton tries to explain the speeches and in the process suppresses Satan. Milton allegiance is authoritative. When reading the Paradise Lost, one has to think critically to understand what he meant when he argued that Satan was in deep despair. Such statements demonstrate Milton’s disgust towards Satan.

Conclusion

Like demonstrated by Milton’s story and the criticism it causes, Satan has a reputation as being evil. Milton’s Paradise Lost attempts to explain how Satan, who was once an angel of God, turned into a being associated with evil. Milton sympathizes with Satan whose envious tendency and self-love altered him into a villain. Milton depicts Satan as the hero in his poem. This enables Milton to show where Satan strayed and ended up being evil. Many critics feel that Milton had some satanic tendency and is protective towards Satan. However, others like Regina Schwartz argues, Milton successfully manages to expose Satan’s Narcissism. Milton alludes to biblical scriptures and works from previous poets to demonstrate the nature of Satan before and after he disobeyed God. In his attempts to rebel against God, he was cast aside and banished from heaven. Satan fits the role of epic hero in Milton’s poem since he is the one who fights against different odds including God, the insuperable power.

 

Works Cited

“Answerable Style”: The Genre of Paradise Lost. 2011. Web. <http://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/intro/index.shtml>. 17 Oct 2012.

Blake, William. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. New York: Dover Publications Inc., 1994. Print.

Herman, Peter and Elizabeth Sauer. The New Milton Criticism. London: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Print.

Milton , John. Paradise Lost Summary and Analysis. 2012. Web. <http://www.gradesaver.com/paradise-lost/study-guide/section3/>. 17 Oct 2012.

Milton, John and Teskey Gordon. Paradise Lost: Authoritative Text, Sources and Backgrounds, Criticism. New York: W.W. Norton, 2005. Print.

Milton, John. Paradise Lost: A Poem, Volume 1. New York: Sharpe, 1821. Print.

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Emotional Intelligence Self-Assessment

Introduction

In my review of the relevance and the value of emotional intelligence, I have discovered that my past and recent performance at the work place and in social situations is largely determined by my strengths and weaknesses. Both consciously and unconsciously, I have exercised some of my strengths and weaknesses in ways that impacted significantly to the outcomes. Previously, I have engaged in situations of leadership, which required the input of emotional intelligence in order for the systems to move in the most appropriate direction in accordance with the set objectives.

In all these, my performance was largely dependent on the impact of my personality on the people around me. In sum, I have been able to summarise my strengths and weaknesses into four main categories. In terms of strengths, I have I posses the characters of trustworthiness, and teamwork and cooperation. With regard to my weaknesses I possess the characters of poor communication and lack of self-confidence. The positive attributes of my characters have always provided the necessary synergies for growth and excellence. On the other hand, the negative qualities have often posed challenges in my performance within various discourses.

Competencies

Trustworthiness

Trustworthiness is an attribute that promotes the element of harmony at the work place. It is a positive trait that attracts people to others towards the pursuit of common goals. Trustworthiness provides the glue that holds people together towards a common purpose (Goleman 81). It encourages processes of leadership, delegation and team work. My quality of trustworthiness has been most evident in situations that required cooperation and group work. I rate myself at 9. I have always believed in the abilities and honesty of others.

At social and professional associations, friends often remark that I bestow a lot of trust in my groups and colleagues to such levels that enable me to win favours and the confidence of the organization. Sometimes I have often felt that I risk running down processes by bestowing unchecked trust to people of varying levels of competencies. However, I retain the belief that positive working relationships can only be achieved through the cultivation of trust and confidence to the environment and the people around. This, I believe, fits well into the discourse of professionalism and work ethics.

Teamwork and collaboration

Teamwork and collaboration are key determinants of success. An organization will always have people of varying levels and kinds of competencies. Embracing teamwork and collaboration helps people to adjust appropriately to processes and situations by complementing each other’s efforts, skills and talents. Time saving and process ownership are other key benefits that attend to the processes of teamwork. It is important to consider the value of teamwork in relation to the ability harness the multiple abilities of and emotional strengths of workers in order to provide anchorage for tasks within the organization. Personally, I have demonstrated an appreciation of teamwork by engaging actively in tasks and processes that require the application of multiple skills. My ratings for this quality could be placed at 9. For instance, I have previously engaged the teamwork spirit in drafting changes in the work schedules of employees to align with the dominant feelings in the organization. I have always attributed the success of that particular endeavour to the team spirit behind it. I hold onto the view that teamwork and cooperation usually limits the chances of conflict and non-cooperation at the work place.

Developmental Needs

Communication

The art of effective communication is important in promoting harmony and order at the work place and in any social environment. The ability to communicate appropriately with others is important in lessening the chances of conflicts with others. Communication skills are acquired through learning and practice, and determine the effectiveness of performing various processes at the work place. Unfortunately, poor communication skills have cost me various opportunities and delayed the performance of various tasks at the work place. I might rate myself at 4. My challenges in communication have often manifested themselves in terms of lack of emotional control and impatience when making judgments of various situations. For example, I recently lost my temper during a formal meeting when my suggestion for tolerance in handling truants was wrongly interpreted to imply defiance. I believe that regular trainings in matters of communication would help me to adjust ethically and emotionally to multiple challenges.

Self-confidence

The art of cultivating self-confidence is integral in the process of leadership and work place associations. Self-confidence inspires the trust of others and earns people positions of leadership and responsibility in various situations (Goleman 79). Personally, lack of self-confidence has been my weakest selling point. I rate myself at 4. I have often hesitated to make my positions known on important matters even when I thought that I held the most appropriate solution to the problem at hand. I am not sure if the problem emanates from matters of inheritance and genetics. However, I endeavour every day to shore up my self-confidence by participating in discussions and finding resourceful support that would help me to adjust well to challenges relating to self-confidence. I believe that coaching would help me to develop the most appropriate levels of self-confidence in order to apply it to various situations.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Works Cited

Goleman, Daniel. Leadership that Gets Results. Harvard Business Review, 78 (2), 78-90.

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Outsourcing and Five Forces

 

 

 

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11^th, November, 2012

 

Outsourcing and Five Forces

Section 1: Snack Food Industry Analysis

            Snack food industry is a potent illustration of a diverse and open market. This section discusses the current US market and the five forces affecting this industry. Additionally, the essay provides the Porter diagram and researches the strengths and weaknesses for these forces. Finally, it discusses some potential driving forces in the industry.

            To some extent, the industry has shown a remarkable growth with consumers having an expanding preference of the food market with less time for preparation. The following diagram summarizes the Porter’s five forces for the snack industry analysis.                                    First, there has been a stiff competition among rivals who emerged in the market to offer healthy options food. Rivalry in the industry creates a major concern of competitive pressure augmented by competitors, which in turn creates competitive advantage and better market position. The intensity of rivalry in the United States has been so high that, there are over 360 businesses competing in the snack industry (Chatman, 2009). As consumers have become more concern about healthy products, the industry continues innovating new products that are low in calories and fat.

            Secondly, there has been threat of substitutes in other industries making the demand to be more elastic since clients have more alternatives. Thirdly, the buyer power of consumers creates competition in the industry. For instance, despite Coca Cola and PepsiCo producing similar drinks they are competing because of adopting different ideology in targeting their customers. The different preferences of buyers have created a sub-competition in the industry. However, adopting strong marketing strategies have been substantial for attracting a wide population.

            Fourthly, the industry has a strong effect of suppliers’ power in that an upsurge of raw materials prices such as sugar, wheat, and oil affects the prices of snack products. Lastly, threat of new entrants is quite strong thus the industry has emerged in the market with special offer and pricing that attracts consumers.

There are several factors driving change in the industry. First, studies and researches of encouraging people to opt for healthier alternatives to snack foods are affecting the marketing and operation of snack foods industry. The subsequent factor is that consumers are looking for the best brand when buying snacks, which makes a massive effect on sales. Thirdly, the high concentrates of new innovation in this industry attracts consumers to try new trends and flavours. As a result, this makes a positive impact on market shares and sales with many consumers trying new innovations. Lastly, current economic status affects people eating habits. For instance, many people prefer snacks to other foods because they are convenient and less expensive compared to other products.

Section 2

            Nissan and IBM are examples of two companies in different industries that have an outsourcing agreement. The two companies extended a contract to outsource chain activities signed in 1999 to 2012. As part of the deal, the IBM promised to manage network services, desktop services, dealer systems, and other infrastructures for Nissan industry. Accordingly Nissan purchased various server systems from IBM. IBM Company extended its services operations to Nissan with infrastructure support from various sites such as India, Brazil, Bangalore, and Sao Paulo. The agreement comprised a contract of the two companies having chosen activities to outsource.

             Nissan industry established the need to handle over the management of IT systems to IBM that in turn promised to use its operating centres. Arguably, this agreement seems to threaten the Nissan competitive capabilities because by contracting out their information technology to IBM, the company will be insignificant in IT. Nissan would receive less recognition in technology implementation and enhancement that regard distinction features in the automotive business. Additionally, there would be a high profit margin in IBM taking over the portion of Nissan’s information systems. However, this initiative will create a platform for Nissan to implement and utilize the new technological innovations of the IBM’S competitive IT expertise. As a result, Nissan will have a more business oriented pattern.

            Conclusively, the outsourcing agreement cannot be accomplished without effective management. Following the recent agreement with Japan Telecom, IBM commences the global infrastructure to support Nissan’s profitable growth. The IBM’S global industry around the world was to support Nissan achieve their objectives in the IT infrastructure. The main objectives for Nissan outsourcing IBM was to improve efficiencies, boost its IT infrastructures, and create an opportunity to have a logical  monthly expenditure. In fact, Nissan was in serious financial crisis in 1999, but their choice to outsource with IBM transformed the industry. During this period, there were no signs for encouraging profit growth and outsourcing with IBM was definitely the defining point that transformed the Nissan industry.

 

Reference

Chatman, K. (2009, June 16). Snack Food Industry’s Success Factors.

Retrieved November 11, 2012, from< http://www.profitsignups.com/mlm-leads-blog/internet-marketing/snack-food-industrys-success-factors>

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Organizational behavior

            In his book, Leadership and motivation: the fifth rule and the eight key principles of motivating others 2007, Adair (8) explores the subject Organizational behavioral in depth. In his research, the author discusses the eight key principles that motivate others in the organization. These include, giving recognition, providing fair rewards, creating a pleasing working environment, setting realistic goals and talents, and treating everyone equally. Others include selecting people are self-motivated or motivation that comes from within an individual. In facts, the book is incredible for it highlight important considerations for public sector, commerce, and captains of industry to regard what contributes to the success of the organizations. At this point, Adair (46) explore the subject of leadership by reassign theories of Maslow and Herzberg, which are substantial contributors to the understanding of motivation. The central theme of this book is the eight key principles that motivate others and increase productivity. Following this, the aim of this paper is to discuss leadership and motivation, which Adair reassesses through Maslow and Herzberg theories. In doing, I will discuss how these are the principal contributors to Adair’s understanding of the eight key principles.

In 1959, studies document that; Herzberg Fredrick proposed the two-factor theory of motivation (Adair 45). According to Herzberg theory, various job factors result in motivation and satisfaction while others results to dissatisfaction. Adair classified the job factors into two categories; hygiene and motivation factors. According to Herzberg theory, hygiene factors are job factors that essentially create motivation at the workplace though they do not cause long-term satisfaction. In other words, these factors create a pleasing environment that augments motivation and satisfaction. In the eight key principle of motivating others, Adair highlights some of the hygiene factors as per Herzberg theory. These include reasonable and appropriate salary or pay structure, which should be equal to those in the same domain and industry, and pleasing working conditions that eventually creates motivation. Typically, the motivation factors yield a positive satisfaction. In other words, these factors motivate employees to be involved in superior working performance. From Adar eight principles of motivating others, motivational factors include employee recognition, which the management team should put into consideration. Employees should have a sense of achievement achieved from progress. In this context, Adar points out that, there should be advancement and growth opportunities in the organization to motivate employees to perform effectively. The Work itself should be interesting, meaningful, and yet challenging employees to be motivated and perform effectively. Lastly, as per Herzberg’s motivational factors, Adar argues that, Managers should recognize and praise their employees for their good work, which in turn, motivates them to achieve more. Adar (45) continues to affirm that, the two-factor theory by Herzberg implies that, managers should provide hygiene factors at the workplace to augment employee satisfaction. In addition, they should ensure that the work is rewarding and stimulating so that employees may be motivated to perform and work better and harder. To this point, it stands out that, Herzberg theory emphasizes upon job enrichment that motivates employees and eventually improves work quality.

The book continues to reassesses the theory of Maslow in the context of action-centered leadership. Abraham Maslow first introduced the concept of hierarchy needs in 1943 (Adar 59). Abraham developed a theory, in which he categorized how needs should be prioritized. In great insights, Maslow theory outlines that, low-level needs such as safety and physiological requirements must be satisfied before higher levels of needs such as self-fulfillment. In this context, when a need is most satisfied, it no longer motivates, and in turn, the subsequent need takes its place. As indicated in the book, the Maslow’s Hierarchy need is as shown in the following diagram.

 

According to Maslow’s theory, Physiological needs are required to sustain life. They include water, sleep, nourishment, and adequate air. This theory affirms that; esteem and social needs are unfelt until an individual meets physiological needs for bodily functioning. Once an individual meets the physiological needs, one’s attention turns to security and safety to free from emotional harm and physical threats. Adar assert that, such needs might be fulfilled by job security, financial reserves, and living in a pleasing environment. Once one meets the safety and physiological needs, the higher level needs grasp attention. The Social needs relates to interaction with others, which in turn, create a sense of belonging. Once an individual achieves a sense of belonging, the need of feeling indispensable arises. In this model, esteems include recognition, attention, self-respect, reputation, and achievement. Self-actualization is the peak of Maslow’s model, which has needs such as Justice, wisdom, truth, and meaning. From Maslow’s model, Adar holds momentous implications for the management. First, he outlines the need to motivate employees through job design, management style, and compensation packages. He categorizes the hierarchy needs into the following principles. First, the psychological needs include providing rest breaks, lunch breaks, and sufficient wages. Secondly, the safety needs provides retirement benefits, a safe working environment, and job security. Thirdly, social needs create a sense of belonging through social events and esteem needs obligates recognizing achievements to make employees feel valued and appreciated. Self-actualization obligates the need to provide employees with challenges and opportunities to attain their carrier potential.

Adair (19) summarizes his thoughts by stating that, exemplary leaders should command the three main areas that revolve the Action Centered Model that entails; being able to do all things, keep the right balance, achieve results, builds morale, develop team and increase productivity, and improves quality. A manager should identify visions and aims for the organization and define the task initiated. He should make realistic goals that motivate employees to work towards the company’s growth. He should identify competent people, adequate resources, and tools that increase the company’s reputation and growth. It is essential, for every leader to design the plan to achieve the task and tactics that augments success. A manager should motivate employees to work towards a common goal for overall progress of the company. It is paramount for a leader to recognize and reward reasonable effort, which in turn, motivates employees to work harder and better. Typically, the management team should develop, identify, and utilizes individual’s strengths and capabilities. Lastly, it is essential for leaders to possess significant management skills. Adair uses this concept to emphasize that, leadership is the ancient ability of deciding direction. Adair highlights a core list of effective leaders; energetic, enthusiastic, warm, calm in a predicament, and tough though fair. For Adair point of view, there are differences between management and leadership in the industry. In his concept, management involves administering proficient resources to create a pleasing working environment and increase productivity while leadership entails is the process of influence. The author continues to argue that, leadership skills are crucial ingredients in management. A leader should exemplify excellent character and personality in the working group. Without these, one will lack credibility, which may deteriorate work performance. This book is most distinguished in the field of leadership studies whereby the author explores the subject of organizational behavior.

Conclusion

            To this point, the paper has discussed Adair’s work in his insightful book. As discussed in the essay, the central theme of the book is the eight key principles that motivate employees and increase productivity. In doing this, Adair combines this concept with Maslow and Herzberg theories. The two theories affirm that; there should be growth opportunities in the organization to motivate employees to perform effectively. The Work should be appealing, meaningful, and challenging for employees to perform effectively. Managers should recognize and praise their employees for their outstanding work, which in turn, motivates them to achieve more. From the two theories, the eight key principles of motivating others include the following; treating everyone equally, giving recognitions creating a pleasing working environment, and setting realistic goals and targets. Others include selecting competent people, and remembering that progress and achievements motivates employees to work harder and smarter. This book concludes that, a manager should motivate employees to work towards a common goal and reward good effort, which in turn, motivates employees to work harder and better.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Work cited

Adair, John. Leadership and motivation: the fifty-fifty rule and the eight key principles of     motivating others. London: Kogan Page Publishers, 2007. Print

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Nursing Practice standards

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 Nursing Practice standards

            Nursing practices standards are essential for self-regulating nursing professional. Medical experts affirm that, nursing practice standards outline acceptable necessities that enhance quality care of patients and clients (Schroeder, 1991). It is borne in mind; nursing practice standards are developed to promote nursing professional and offer guidelines for nurse educators to set objectives of educational programs. In this context, an advanced Nurse professional must put into consideration the nursing practice standards. Nursing practice standards provide guidelines that assist nurses in decision making, inform the public what they should expect from nursing professional, and educates nurses to articulate practice outlooks of the professional. This stands out that, every registered nurse should align with standards of nursing professional along with legislative requirements. Hence, the aim of this paper is to discuss a social reform-legal right that impacts the practice of nursing. In doing this, the essay will outlay knowledge of values that are critical to the professional behavior of the Nurse.

Social aspects that impact the practice of nursing

According to Rumbold (1999), in social reforms, nurses work as citizens or individuals through political action that enhance social change.  Here, it is the responsibility of the nursing association to educate nurses on shaping health care globally particularly in legislation and health care policy that affects quality, accessibility, and health care cost. In this context, the professional association maintains alertness and actions that enhances effectiveness of health professional. It is considered that, health delivery extends to social-cultural issues such as homelessness, infringement of human rights, illness stigma, and hunger hostility.  Nurses should bring social changes in the society through taking actions that ensures that human rights are protected. In nursing professional, the following should be considered; respect for human dignity, exceptionality of every person despite of economic or social status, the nature of health problems, and personal tributes. This stands out that; there should be respect to human dignity where nurses depict values and needs of clients and patients. Nursing practice stands advocate the need of establishing relationships to clients or patients with respect of human values and needs without favoritism or prejudice. Rights and dignity of human beings should be imposed irrespective of disability, disease, propinquity to death, or functional status.  In promoting welfare, safety, and health for all people, a nurse should not only be aware of patient’s health needs but, eradicate health concerns such as environmental pollution, world hunger, violation of human rights, inadequate heath care services, and inequitable distribution of health care and nursing resources.

Research indicates that, nursing profession has indispensable elements of accountability that protects legal and human rights of patients (Schroeder, 1991). In this case, the nurse is the pivot foe effective health care delivery enabling patients to recover through the process of healing.  Therefore, a registered nurse should work towards establishment of patient’s satisfaction taking into account what enhance health.  At this point, code of ethics highlight that, nurses should advocate, promote, and endeavor to protect health, rights, and patients. In doing this, the nurse should be accountable and responsible for individual nursing practices that determine appropriate delegation of tasks and drugs prescription to provide optimum care of patients.

Social reforms highlight that; the patient should be handled with dignity because in doing the patient health is regarded. With this regard, social rights of nursing practice persist that the nurse should maintain and improve patient’s health by enhancing suitable conducive environment that enhance provision f quality health care (Rumbold, 1999). In this context, the nurse work in partnership with other public and health professionals in promoting health needs.

Conclusively, social reforms insist on respecting the dignity, worth, and rights of patients irrespective of their health problems. It borne n mind; every patient should not be sidelined because of the nature of the heath problem but, rather should be provided with supportive care until. It’s noteworthy, the measures to, which nurses deliver care determines the well-being of patients in emotional, physical, spiritual, and social. No wonder, nursing care should meet the comprehensive needs of patients with a continuum care. Additionally, respect should extend to all people that the nurse interacts. Nurses should maintain caring and compassionate relationships with their colleagues for effective nursing practice, which eventually enhances team work. In this case, the nurse’s core commitment to patients should be taking care of patients. With no doubt; addressing patient interest necessitate recognition of patient’s needs for a well-being. Effective nursing can only be accomplished when nurses take care of patients with in mind that, health should extend beyond health related issues. In other words, it should enhance effective interaction that improves the patient’s condition socially, emotionally, and spiritually.

Legal aspects that impact the practice of nursing

As per Schoen (2000) effective nursing care is accomplished when nurses work diligently for the excellent outcomes of nursing care.  In this context, nurses are core determinants of excellent nursing care.  To maintain high standards of legal rights that impact nursing, one should consider the following key principles when providing patient’s care. These include administering medication properly, examine and report deterioration, communicate effectively, delegate responsibly, document medical record accurately, recognize and follow facility procedures, and using equipment appropriately.  According to Rumbold (1999), knowing the appropriate drugs to administer to patients is a significant element in the nursing practice standards.  In this case, when administering drugs, the nurse is required to compile to the following rights of medication administration; the accurate patient, medication, dose, time, and delivery method.  Administering medication appropriately is a vital element in legal aspects in ensuring that appropriate dosage is provided for patients. It is articulated that, a wrong drug prescription may harm or kill a patient hence; the nurse should prescribe a drug that compiles to medical administration rights.

In most lawsuits, nurses have been charged over failure to observe or identify changes in patient’s condition (Schroeder, 1991). Legal aspects demands monitoring and reporting deterioration in nursing process whereby, the nurse should evaluate patient’s stipulation and communicate the efficacy of the treatment. In this case, legal rights demands nurses to monitor worsening symptoms and signs that suggests the need to modify the care plan.  Besides monitoring the patient conditions, legal rights obligate nurses to communicate with patients and contemporaries during patient care. To Masters (2009), communication is paramount when transferring patient to another nurse or doctor, educating or speaking with patient on her illness, and relating with the patient’s visitors or family. Through effective communication, nurses highlight reasons for patient admission, provide a concise medical history, explain the patient’s present condition, and discuss the appropriate care for the patient. This enables the patient’s family or visitors to articulate the patient current condition, improvement, and plan of care.

As a registered nurse, one should delegate responsibly through suitable skills and competencies to congregate the patient’s care.  Medical experts argue that, to designate safely, the nurse should establish a work plan especially when delegating the patient to another caregiver (Rumbold, 1999). This implies that, when the nurse refer the patient to a another caregiver he or she should ensure that caregiver is the right person, supervision, the right circumstances where patients conditions should be appropriate for such delegation, and suitable supervision that improves the patient’s condition.

It borne in mind; legal rights emphasize on accurate patient medical documentation. For effectiveness monitoring of the patient, state laws and policy require a medical record for continuity health care. Law experts argue that, medical record document provides evidence that ensures that legal standard of health care is met (Schroeder, 1991). The basic rule of safe documentation ensures that the patient is handled appropriately without negative impression of health care. For instance, if a patient complains of awkward symptoms after drug prescription, the court has to evaluate whether nurses were responsible for the tragedy or not. In this case, medical record can be used as evidence to prove whether the nurse is guilty over the offence or not. If yes, the court litigate the nurse for bleaching nursing practice standards that depict an outlook of giving out appropriate medical care to patients.

As a registered nurse, legal reforms require proper usage of equipment to grant patient’s care. Studies outline that, a patient is harmed when medical equipment is misused (White, 2005). For that reason, it is obligatory for the nurse to adequately understand the equipment intending to use for patient’s condition. When equipments are used inappropriate, the patient may dies and eventually, the family may sue the hospital for willingly bleaching the legal rights of nursing practice stands. In reality, in most cases, registered nurses may have inadequate knowledge of equipment, in such a scenario, adequate training of proper handling of equipment is paramount.

Legal experts affirm that, by adhering to the above principles of nursing practices, nurses avoid legal problems as they compile to the standard of nursing care (Schoen, 2000). In facts, abiding to the above principles saves lives, enhance expertise, and maintain high standard of nursing practice. Legal rights of nursing practice are designed to multiple individuals; nursing students, nurses, people acquiring and receiving nursing care, and the community.  It is noteworthy that, the legal rights are substantial in promoting, upholding, and protecting the rights of nursing professional.

Conclusion

            As discussed in the paper, nursing practices standards are indispensable for effective nursing professional. An advanced Nurse professional should be adequate with knowledge that impact nursing practice. In this case, this essay has highlighted both social and legal reforms that impact nursing practices. According to Nursing World code of ethics (2010), social reforms are paramount since they direct nurses to maintain alertness and actions for effective health professional.  In addition, legal reforms are accomplished when nurses work diligently for the excellent outcomes of nursing care. In this case, there legal rights that direct nurses to deliver health care effectively. Hence, this paper has discussed social reform-legal right that impacts the practice of nursing.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

:

References

Masters, K. ( 2009). Role Development in Professional Nursing Practice. New York: Jones &       Bartlett Publishers

Nursing World code of ethics. (2010). Code of Ethics for Nurses with interpretive statements.        Retrieved from:             http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/CodeofEthicsforNur            ses/Code-of-Ethics.aspx

Rumbold, G. (1999). Ethics in nursing practice. London: Elsevier Health Sciences Publisher

Schoen, D.C. (2000). Adult orthopedic nursing. London: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins    Publisher.

Schroeder, P.S. (1991). Approaches to nursing standards. London: Jones & Bartlett Learning

White, L. (2005). Foundations of nursing. New York: Cengage Learning Publisher

 

 

 

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My Favorite Advertisement

Advertisement is one important and commonly used strategy of marketing a product. Therefore, the level of imaginative and its ability to appeal to the audience determine how effective the advertisement will be in persuading prospective buyers. This essay focuses on my favorite advertisement, which was on the new Mini Countryman car. The essay will explain the objective of the advertisement, its main theme and assess if the objective was met. Moreover, the essay will explain whether the advertisement was appealing and if it managed to persuade me.

My favorite advertisement is the on the new Mini Country man car. The advertisement makes use of CG technology to enable the Mini Countryman multiply into several cars, which could merge from time to time. The objective of the advertisement is to demonstrate the capability of the Mini Countryman car to run across different topography. In the advertisement, the imaginative car multiplies into a fleet of several cars, which are similar to the original one. The fleet of the imaginative cars runs across different paths with differing terrain. Whenever an obstacle occurs, the fleet of Mini Countryman cars reunites to form one strong Mini Countryman car, which easily overcomes the obstacle. Whenever the car approaches a police check, the driver brakes suddenly but with ease (MINI Web).

Another objective was to demonstrate the highly responsive turning system of the Mini Countryman. This was demonstrated by immediate breaking whenever the car approached a police check.     Additionally, the advertisement was intended to depict the strength of the Mini Countryman tires. This was achieved since the car could easily break and stop without any incidences (MINI Web).

The main theme of the advertisement is to show the various versions of Mini Countryman cars and the strength it possess. The theme of the editorial matches the environment. This is because the advertisement manages to demonstrate the capability of Mini Countryman car to operate in different environs with differing topography. The versatility of the car is demonstrated by its capability to perform in the city as well as in the countryside. The advertisement portrays the Mini Countryman passing through rocky and cliffy terrain effortlessly as well as bushy ones (MINI Web).

The advert intrigued me due to its creative nature. It was interesting to watch the original Mini Countryman separate into different version only to reunite again. Additionally, the advertisement made the impression that the gear change is perfect engineered. This was depicted by the rapid sharp turns the Mini Countryman made. However, the steering wheel appeared to offer too much resistant such that the drivers appeared to be nudging the wheel too much (MINI Web).

When I first watched the Mini Countryman advertisement, I was shopping online for car that would be considerably cheap to maintain but strong enough to operate in different landscapes. It was then that I came across this advertisement. The creativity used in the advertisement was fascinating. I was impressed by way the advertisement showed how Mini Countryman behaves in the different routes. I was persuaded to learn more about the Mini Countryman and I went shopping. I ended up buying a Mini Countryman, which I drive up to today.

 

Works Cited

MINI. “MINI Countryman TV Commercial: Flow.” 1 Sep 2010. Web. 24 Oct 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnAhv26AEBw>

 

 

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Hull City Marketing Strategy

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24^rd, July, 2012

Executive summary

THORNTONS PLC

Throughout history, Thorntons PLC has been a remarkable trader and producer of chocolates. The company has successfully retain the strength of its brand that continues create opportunities of the future growth in over a 100 years experience in the business to offer huge variety of chocolates. The chocolates are known for their high quality standard of ingredients with natural taste that increase buying power. It has position its brand as elegant, classic, highly valuable, and trusted with exceptional potential to meet consumer’s needs. These attributes ideally communicate a longing spirit of Christmas to people living in the Kingston upon the Hill. Chocolates are commonly used in Christmas time which presents a good opportunity for Thornton to promote their products.

The company continues to adapt new strategies to meet consumer’s needs and be competitive during Christmas time in Hull. It has established various strategic plans for the business to create a competent organizational process, increase its sales and margins, incentives and measurability. These plans designed to alleviate company’s performance through delivering profit and sales growth and create a stout platform for the future growth. Different media channels will be used to promote the campaign slogan “Christmas time- Thornton’s time”. The slogan will strengthen the image of Christmas time as a great time to celebrate and have a relaxing moment using Thornton’s range of products such as variety of chocolates; wedding favors, corporate gifts, and hampers boxes. The case study of the Company will provide an opportunity to evaluate the whole aspect of planning for considerable growth during Christmas time.

 

Table of Contents

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Introduction

            Christmas time is an entertaining forum where the concept of gift exchange is much eulogized. This season raises the need to exchange gifts to the loved ones and as chocolate remains the best gift for someone special. In the British culture, chocolates augment love language and thought as romantic (Hull City, 1961). During Christmas time, women are given chocolates as presents as it enhances the feeling of being cared, pampered, and loved. Many people believe that there are creative ways of using chocolates in Christmas time besides eating them. For instance, Clayton (2009) believes that it can creatively used in bedroom for sensual treat and a key ingredient of feeling good. Thornton can utilize this to promote their products during Christmas season as a perfect way of showing appreciation to the loved ones and creating a relaxing moment.

To promote products, the marketing strategy plan will present a SWOT matrix, identify the marketing objectives along with target group, product/brand positioning, and product offering.  Eventually, the company will present the budget implementation and control of marketing planning. This will create a platform to understand the key strategies of being competent during Christmas seasons.  In doing this, we will highlight the major competitors of the company to highlight the possible strengths, opportunities, threats and weaknesses of the organization.

SWOT MATRIX

Strengths Offer different chocolate categories and consumers can choose from the variety. Committed to refresh consumers with highest and flavoured chocolates. Has a strong and unique brand image that augments customer trust and loyalty. Chocolate image create a genuine urge of Christmas values of exchanging gifts. High emphasis on creating a romantic appeal. High committed with having the most committed and loyal staff that boost customer service relation. Its core products have distinctive features that create competitive characteristics. The best location choice such as shopping malls which are convenient to consumers.

Weaknesses Marketing appeal most to women and a time men do not respond effectively. Health side effects of obesity take their toll. The capital cost for enrobing chocolate plant is high. To some extent, the difference of product’s taste is an effective barrier for it may eradicate potential buyers who may have used one product.

Opportunities Use social networks and mobile marketing to reach to various target groups in the city. Emphasize on the natural taste and romantic appeal of chocolate to increase buyer power. Educate people on the benefits that emerge from using chocolates. Create coordination between retail and production activities to meet different clients.

Threats Many substitutes from the street retailers. Strong competitors

 

11 Marketing Objectives

The main objective for Thorntons marketing its products during Christmas time in Hull, UK is to boost sales, profit margin, and brand’s name. To achieve this, the organization has various marketing objectives (Fernie, Sparks, & McKinnon, 2010).  First, it seeks to follow the concept of market penetration strategy and target the existing market with the existing products. The company continues to build its brand by highlighting the benefits that emerge from purchasing chocolates. Seeks to be loyal to their customers to retain potential buyers and transform first time buyers to frequent clients. With this in mind, the company aims to increase its brand awareness by 40% through the above mentioned strategies. The target groups are women who are overall drawn to chocolate that enhance a romantic feeling. Within Christmas time, the company aims to increase its overall profit and sales by 20%. Through social networks such as Face book, you tubes, and Google the organization will increase its consumer’s particularly young people.

111. Target markets

The target group will be young couples from 20s to 30s living near Hull, UK. The aim of this group is to meet the interesting demand of appreciation and love the key elements in a relationship. Chocolates are mostly used as presents by couples between the age 20-30 years and primary women associate chocolate with being loved and cared. Indeed, exchanging gifts is mostly appreciated in the Christmas season whereby most men recognize the need to appreciate their partners. In this regard, the most proposed group will be women mainly because they are relationship oriented (Fill, 2009). However, we will convince the men on the values and attributes that emerge from buying chocolates to their loved ones during Christmas season.

The generation between the ages 20-30 years are frequent users of the emerging technologies such as social networks, internet, and smart phones. This marketing plan will suit the needs and interests of this age group as many will acquire information from technology sites. Typically, the mentioned target group are less hesitant to spend money thus will result to an upward growth of sales and revenues. As mentioned, the geographic and demographic variables are young couple between 20-30 years living in Hull.  In Hull, this age group has active social life, willing to spend, and most of them are employed. Under the psychographic variables, the age group is equipped with technology information thus branching out into online marketing will indicate positive results. In behaviouristic variables concept, the age group regards the need of appreciating their loved ones through gifts such as chocolates. This presents the largest group of chocolates consumers and those who indulge into exchanging gifts during Christmas season.

IV Product Offering

Young generation consumers like trying different flavours that indicate the great opportunity of being loyal to them. From 2009 to 2010, the company has had a turnover growth of 10% and the standards of the products expected to grow during Christmas season as there is a strong buying power (Hull City Council, 2011). Following this, the company is in the growth stage due to its unique products and its innovative ways of online marketing whereby consumers can shop online. The marketing strategy will focus on different range of chocolates in different tastes.

The Company’s core product is to offer flavoured, sweet and convenience products in good packaging. The actual products are chocolates that give consumers a chance to express appreciation to their loved ones. Buyers build their knowledge on the 21^st Century concept of love, care, and appreciation to build a long lasting relationship. Chocolate is the actual products whereby the Company offers packed chocolates with hampers that create a platform for clients to buy products as per their preferences. The amplified products are attributed by customers’ feedback and updates on social networks or when purchasing. As discussed by Kotler et al., (2009), the existing products will be the same but will be strengthened to enhance a unique appeal of the brand image that offers quality products and services.

 V. Brand/Product positioning

Thorntons’ objective is to offer quality products with a sweet and natural taste that create a relaxing mood during Christmas season. As mentioned, the Company has a strong brand that creates consumers’ trust and confidence to purchase more. For Christmas season, Thornton should focus on repositioning the brand image because often some people believe that chocolates have health side effects. For marketing strategies, the organization should highlight the benefits that emerge from buying chocolates particularly during Christmas season (Lowe, 2010). As mentioned earlier, young couples from age 20-30yrs are the target group borne in mind they are most driven by buying gifts to their loved ones. They regard the need of appreciating their partners as the key ingredient in their relationship. Therefore this presents a great opportunity for the Company to market its products during Christmas a month that many spend time with their loved ones. Christmas time is the time where couple spends time together and appreciate one another as the year comes to an end. Following this, Thornton should emphasize that chocolate is a good product to buy to a loved one since it augments romantic appeal (Marketing Minefield, 2011). Indeed, this will attract the target group as the product will address their social needs along with the need of improving their relationships. Bearing the target group is adventurous and are relationship driven promoting chocolates will attract them to purchase thus create a great opportunity for the Company’s growth.

VI Marketing Strategies     

1. Consumer Behavior

Often, the target group spends time together with their partners and loved ones during Christmas time. Christmas chocolates along with the marketing campaign will attract the target group to purchase products as way of meeting their social needs. During this season, buying gifts is a general routine and appreciating the loved ones is a craving mood for the young couples. Usually, buying chocolates is a high involvement decision where many men show appreciations to their women. Chocolate is the brand preference for most women as it creates the aspect of being pampered, cared, and loved (Warnaby & Yip, 2005). This indicates a strong consumer behavior as couples crave to show appreciations to their loved ones particularly women who long for attention.

2. Marketing mix for the marketing strategy

The advertising slogan is “Christmas time-chocolate heaven” that highlights the role of Thornton’s chocolates during Christmas as communicated in this campaign. In essence, the campaign seeks to remind the consumers on the benefits that emerge from purchasing chocolate during Christmas season. Heaven is one of the major places which most people long to be (World-Guide.com, 2011). It’s assumed there are rest, appreciation, and a great opportunity to meet the loved ones who left before. The slogan will create a similar mood brought by chocolate as partners show appreciations through exchange of gifts. Christmas season gives couples a great opportunity to share their love as they relax and set ready to start off a new year. The image of the Christmas chocolates will bring couples and families together as it creates a nostalgic feeling of a comforting and relaxing moment in Hull.

Product  

Various products will be marketed as special Christmas flavors that add a pleasant feeling during Christmas season. The major products will be milk chocolates, yummy chocolates that can be personalized with free special message. Others include dark chocolates with recipes such as ginger, ganache, and chili, chocolate drinks to warm during winter nights, and no added sugar chocolates perfect for those reducing their sugar intake.  There will be impressive packaging gifts that will take some inspiration of the best selling company. As indicated in the appendix 1 below, whoever receives the gift will feel appreciated and overall delight the dearest.

The packaging tin will contain 130g with an appealing design that augments a classic, romantic, and suggestive feeling during Christmas season. It will meet the expectations of the target group who regard innovative things and perfectly show appreciation to their loved ones. The packaging will perfectly blend with Christmassy decoration making it more pleasant to add value and benefit of purchasing the product. This will increase the willingness to buy the product as many will be attracted by the packaging that enhances a pleasant feeling.

Place

Thornton chocolates will be available in all major UK supermarkets, malls, and retailers. Online shopping will be appropriate for the target markets that are equipped with information technology (Thornstons, 2009). Still, the company will utilize the direct retail channel and retailers to the market coverage in the city centre and apartments. Products will be distributed effectively to ensure accessibility among people living in Hull.

Price

To attract many customers the chocolates will be sold at an affordable price that range from $10 to $15. As mentioned, chocolate tea will be available during winter nights and on estimation one cup of tea will cost $20. This highlights the statement that the campaign would mainly appeal the target group that buy chocolates probably because it’s cheaper compared to tea. This means that they will buy most chocolates packages as per their own preferences, packaging, intense of different ingredients, and individual tastes. As the packaging recognizes the social needs of the target group it will add the benefit of willing to spend money for the chocolate products.

Promotion

To be rank higher than other competitors, the Company will utilize various advertizing campaigns that will attract and increase clients. First, the Company will take advantage of internet that is an easy way of attracting the target market. In nature, internet is an essential component that attracts prospective customers of age group 20-30 years (Attention to Internet Advertising, 2003). In UK, technology has been effective in meeting the target group in a convenient way. Internet provides effective communication where buyers can give their feedbacks and suggestions regarding the products and services given. Using internet will provide a trustworthy image and increase clients regardless the challenging times of the year. In this case, innovation of internet marketing will enable the Company stay ahead of other competitors as there will be accessibility of the products information. Online shopping will enhance growth as many consumers will prefer shopping online to buying from other outlets.

In facts, young people are the frequent users’ of social networking websites such as Twitter and Face book (Zhang & Daugherty, 2009). Bearing Thornton has an active profile on their websites as shown in appendix 2 and thereafter displays their websites on the social networking sites. The Company will display various products on the websites and request viewers to follow them in Face book and Twitter to air their views and thoughts.

To attract many to buy products, promotion will be utilized whereby there will be 4 free chocolates bags for every 30 chocolate bag packages. This will motivate clients to buy more to maximize the benefit of getting free chocolate bags. Still, posters will be utilized to reflect the key messages of the products sold. Billboards will be displayed on the popular street of Hull resembling the below Appendix 3.

Lastly, Thornton will utilize mobile marketing to communicate with the target group on the need to purchase chocolates. According to Wagner (2011) and Jenkins (2006), mobile marketing is an effective way of promotion as many people carry their phones wherever they go. Using mobile messages will promote the products on celebrating 2012 together with 20.12% discount as indicated in appendix 4.Combining the above tools will increase customers of the target group thus boost the Company’s growth.

Vii Implementation and control

Sales increase objectives

As discussed earlier, the main objective of the marketing strategies is to increase sales and profit margin. As the control, the total sales of all Thornton chocolates will be documented and ne compared to the respective sales of the past 2 years (Kim & Lee, 2011).

Increased product/brand awareness objectives

The websites will be updated once per month to ensure the target group comprehends various innovations taking place. Existing billboards will be used and additional boards will be located in different housing apartments and various locations selling Thornton Chocolates. Weekly, the Company will send an MMS or SMS on the clients’ mobile numbers to increase the brand awareness. The success of the mobile marketing will be evaluated by evaluating the number of people that passed near the billboards, the count of read messages, and number of people visiting the sites. The number of followers and likes in social network websites will determine whether the purpose is met (Tan & Chua, 2004).

 

Viii Budget

The Company has experienced an average growth rate of 4.18% in 2010 (Financial Times LTD, 2012). To lift the 2010 turnover, about &330, 000 will be allocated to the promotion In Hull. The detailed budget is listed in the Appendix 5.

 

Appendix

Appendix 1

Christmas Chocolate packaging

 

 

Milk Chocolates

 

Bags of chocolates

 

No added sugar chocalates

 

 

White chocolates

 

Hot chocolate drinks

 

Spiced chocolates

 

Appendix 2

Thornton’s website

 

The website displays different products of Thornton.

 

Appendix 3

 

The billboard highlight on celebrating with Thornton products that is special all together.

Appendix 4

Mobile marketing

Intended message

 

Pictures of different chocolates are submitted enhancing a beautiful appeal why clients should shop there. The possible SMS or MMS  is indicate in the above diagram “Sprint to our Scrummy Best of British Range and be a Winner”

Appendix 5

Budget

Expenses	Total in $
Paying staffs	70, 000
Billboard Advertising	40, 000
Mobile marketing	10, 000
Production cost	200, 000
Logistics	10, 000
Total	330, 000

 

 

Work cited

Attention to Internet Advertising. (2003), Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking,

            Vol.14, No.5, pp.323-325.

Clayton, D. (2009), The Hull City miscellany, Stroud, History.

Fernie, J., Sparks, L., McKinnon, A. C. (2010), Retail logistics in the UK: Past, present and

future, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol.38, No.11/12,

pp.894-914.

 

Fill, C. (2009), Marketing Communications: Interactivity, Communities and Content, Fifth

Edition, Essex, Pearson Education Limited.

Financial Times LTD. (2012). Thorntons PLC Markets data,  Available: http://markets.ft.com/Research/Markets/Tearsheets/Business-profile?s=THT:LSE

 

Hull City Council. (2011), Social Grade, [online] Available:

http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/portal/page?_pageid=221,178872&_dad=portal&_schema=PORT

AL/

Hull (City). (1961), The City & County of Kingston upon Hull, Hull (York) City Council    Development Committee.

Jenkins, F. (2006), Mobile Marketing, Young Consumers, Quarter 1, pp.60-63.

Kim, G., Lee, J.-H. (2011), The Effect of Search Condition and Advertising Type on Visual

Attention to Internet Advertising, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking,

Vol.14, No.5, pp.323-325.

Kotler, P, Keller, K. L., Brady, M., Goodman, and M., Hansen T. (2009), Marketing

                 Management, Essex, Pearson Education Limited.

 

Lowe, B. (2010), Consumer perceptions of extra free product promotions and discounts: The

moderating role of perceived performance risk, Journal of Product & Brand Management,

Vol. 19, No.7, pp.496-503

 

Marketing Minefield. (2011), Billboard Advertising Buying Process and Expected Costs,

[online] Available: http://www.marketingminefield.co.uk/billboard-advertising-costs/

[Accessed 12.12.2011]

Mintel. (2008), Christmas Foods – UK – April 2008, [online] Available:

http://academic.mintel.com/ [Accessed 02.12.2011].

 

Tan, S.-J., Chua, S. H. (2004), “While stocks last!”- Impact of framing on consumers’

perception of sales promotions, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol.21, No.5, pp.343-355.

Thornstons. (2009), Thorntons website, (online), Available: Thorntons.co.uk

Thorntons. (2009). Thorntons  chocolates and sweets, (online), Available: http://www.thorntons.co.uk/c/Our_range.html

 

 

Wagner, J. (2011), Anytime/Anywhere – Playing catch up with the mind of the smartphone

consumer, International Journal of Mobile Marketing, Vol.6, No.1, pp.28-53.

Warnaby, G., Yip, K. M. (2005), Promotional planning in UK regional shopping centres: An

exploratory study, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol.23, No.1, pp.43-57.

 

World-Guide.com (2011), Hull Weather, When to Go and Climate Information (Kingston

Upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England, UK), [online] Available:

http://www.hull.world-guides.com/hull_weather.html/

Zhang, J., & Daugherty, T. (2009), Third-Person Effect and Social Networking: Implications

for Online Marketing and Word-of-Mouth Communication, American Journal of Business,

Vol.24, No.2, pp.53-63.

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Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong remains one of the most historical communist leaders remembered for series of historical revolutions including founding the Communist Party and starting the Cultural Revolution. Mao Zedong remains an important personality in world for some of his major failings that were inspired to his strong leanings on communist ideals. Other notable contributions he is famed for includes the Great Leap Forward[1]. Mao Zedong left a mark as one of the twentieth century’s great thinkers whose visionary leadership continues to attract blame and praise in many fields including philosophy and literature.

Mao was raised as a peasant in a small village called Shaoshan in central China[2]. As a young man, Mao trained as a teacher; a profession that saw him serves briefly as a librarian in a university in Beijing. Mao was an avid consumer of Marxist literature, which instilled the policies of literature to the young scholar[3]. Mao would later lead the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) as a founder member in 1921. A troubled alliance with Kuomintang Party (KMT) turned problematic when the communists turned against the CCP forcing Mao to flee with many of his supporters to establish an alternative operational base.

The second merger between CCP and KMT was primarily based on the need to engage the Chinese who posed a threat on the Chinese territory. Problems would later emerge between the two eventually culminating into a civil war. The outcome of the civil war favored the communists forcing the nationalists to KMT to flee. It was in 1949, after the civil war the Mao Zedong established The People’s Republic of China. Although the Chinese, at first, embraced the party, Zedong would later convert it into an oppressive edifice that was impatient with all forms of rebellion. The communist experimentation included the nationalization of all industry and the forcing of formers into some collective groups.

The communist leader then sought to customize his own brand of communism, which he thought would be Chinese in orientation[4]. Instead, he only succeeded in plunging the country into famine through the retrogressive policy well known as The Great Leap Forward. The failure of his style of politics mark the beginning of his decline in popularity as the people increasingly pulled back their support even as the regime vigilant against oppression. Some of the policies that collapsed during The Great Leap of Labor included his dream for mass mobilization of labor. This led to a decline in food production as the country grappled with the resultant famine.

Following the rising death toll that resulted from the drive, the regime was forced to abandon the project. Multiple issues engaged the attention of the regime’s critics. The emerging political reality led to the growth of dissidents who had to flee as the regime became increasingly intolerant to popular opposition. One of the strategies by which Mao sought to quell internal dissent was by the introduction of Cultural Revolution. The ruthlessness that followed, which included the use of the army led to the death of many dissenters.

The introduction of the Little Red Book marked the fervor with, which Mao Ze Dong sought to impress communist ideals within his own people[5]. The book marked an important part in the history of Marxism and the Chinese were forced to internalize the ideals, which were customized, summarized to suit the tastes of Mao Ze Dong as he wanted them. All Chinese were forced to carry the book and normally failure to comply was usually considered as a mark of treason. It is believed that police arrested thousands of Chinese people for non-possession of the book.

One of the most notable periods during Mao’s time was the Gang of Four. They comprised of Mao Zedong’s wife, Jiang Qing and some of three most trusted colleagues.These were Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, Wang Hongwen. These four were accused later after Mao’s death of systematically manipulating the structures of the Communist Party and the famous Cultural Revolution to entrench seemingly invincible image of Zedong. Their methods included the manipulation of the brutal police to suit their private ends and to silence critics and moderates. The Gang of four were later convicted and sentenced after it was found that they misused their closeness to destroy the ideals of the party. The coming to power of Deng Xiaoping changed the policies and ideas of communism by introducing various structures that moderated parts of the nationalized economy with elements of capitalism. As a result the country witnessed rapid economic growth and has managed to outperform former economic powerhouses such as Japan and Germany in many aspects of the economy.

Deng equally changed the political economy of China from a more aggressive one to a more cautioust one, which has helped  the answer to the political and economic mishaps that the People’s Republic incurred under Zedong’transform the economy in its world strength in a significant way, and in a short space of time. One of the notable features in Deng policies was the conversion of the previously nationalized policies to more a market oriented economy. Many historians and scholars of world politics would like to see Deng as the answer to the political and economic mishaps that the People’s Republic suffered under China.

Some scholars argue that Deng succeeded in introducing the most effective international strategy that has kept the Chinese outside the major political and economic mishaps that have gripped the world. Those who hold onto this position argue that the cautious approach has helped China to concentrate more on economics than expensive political rhetoric. The Tiananmen Square Massacre, as it is commonly known was triggered in great part by the economic transformations that were taking place during the Deng regime[6]. The protestors took place around Tiananmen and within the square. The opening up of the Chinese space to market economy made it easy for the Chinese to engage in private pursuits, some of which encouraged corruption and loss of provisions and opportunities for the masses.

These changes combined with the feeling of Chinese loss of popularity around the world to trigger disillusionment within the Chinese population. The protestors were equally angered by the death of Hu Yaobang a former leader of the Communist Party. The deposed leader was highly regarded as a faithful reformer who represented a break from the old tradition. The protests went on for several weeks as the protestors repeatedly spurned the various incentives and concessions that were availed by the government. In the very end the government had to opt for the use of brute military force to stop the protestors. The massacre at the square is considered one of the greatest in China. It also represented the tensions of a world at the cusp of change and the clamor for freedom of the people.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bibliography

Karl, Rebecca, E. Mao Zedong and China in the Twentieth-Century World: A Concise History. Duke University Press, 2010

Lusted, Marcia, A. Tiananmen Square Protests. New York: ABDO, 2010

Meisner, Maurice. Mao Zedong: A Political and Intellectual Portrait. John Wiley & Sons, 2007

Stewart, Whitney. Mao Zedong. Twenty-First Century Books, 2006

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Management Strategies Wal-Mart should undertake for Successful Global Presence

 

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Management Strategies Wal-Mart should undertake for Successful Global Presence

Introduction

Decrease in government restriction resulted in increased opening up of the China retail market. Global retailers such as Wal-Mart took advantage and opened store in China. Though Wal-Mart started as a small, store in Arkansas, it spread rapidly and dominated the retail sector in United States. Wal-Mart’s founder, Walton, believed that discounting was crucial in retail business. He opened stores in neglected areas and sold goods at considerably cheap prices (Glass, 2012). The use of “Everyday low prices” gave Wal-Mart a competitive advantage over its competitors. Additionally, Wal-Mart developed a strong marketing culture such that it remained popular even when its competitors, Kmart and Woolco, closed down. However, Wal-Mart’s entry into China was not successful. This paper focuses on human resource management strategies that Wal-Mart must undertake and support to create a successful global presence to ensure the success of an organization in meeting its goals and mission. The paper will mainly focus on what Wal-Mart requires to do to gain acceptance in China.

China opened up its market for foreign retailers in 2005, which Wal-Mart saw as a great opportunity. This is because China’s thriving economy provided a great opportunity for profitable retailing. Despite Walton’s insistence on discount prices, Wal-Mart remained less popular in China (Farhoomand & Wang, 2006). One of the main drawback was the resignation of Cassian Chueng, the president of Wal-Mart China, which happened at the time when the entry plan was at the initial stages of implementation. Irrespective of being the world largest retailer, Wal-Mart is ranked at position twenty in China in terms of its sales (Glass, 2012; Wang, & Jha, 2011).

Issues Surrounding Wal-Mart

One of issues facing Wal-Mart is managements’ refutation of employee’s unionization. Sam Walton opposed formation of union by War-Mart employee’s rights from the initial stages. The company management preferred employees to freely report directly to the management in case of any problems. There were cases of closure of stores where employees attempted to unionize. The Wal-Mart employees have attempted to demand for salary increment and they feel that such grievances have not been clearly addressed (Wang, & Jha, 2011). To create a successful global presence and ensure the success of Wal-Mart in meeting its goals and mission, the management must address the issue of Unionization. This issue has been criticized strongly, which could affect Wal-Mart performance. Additionally, the success of any organization greatly depends on the level of satisfaction among the employees. It is thus inevitable that Wal-Mart should consider accommodation unionization to ensure the employees’ grievances are addressed accordingly (Glass, 2012; Farhoomand & Wang, 2006).

Another issue that has affected Wal-Mart’s entry into China is their expansion strategy. In United States, Walton preferred opening stores in small towns, which gave Wal-Mart a competitive advantage. However, Chinas economic growth is more rampant in large cities, particularly those along the coastal region. It is thus significant for Wal-Mart to reconsider the positioning of its store in China. Although there are existing barriers such as resistance from China authorities to let Wal-Mart expand in large cities, the management should consider forming venture in such regions (Glass, 2012; Farhoomand & Wang, 2006).

An alternative that would enable Wal-Mart to retain cheap prices and expand its operations would be to change their marketing strategies. The US market environment is quite different from that of China. This is mainly due to cultural differences. Wal-Mart should thus consider exposing its employees to Chinese culture to understand the needs of their consumer appropriately. As opposed to US where the Wal-Mart stores were close to each other, the store in China are quite far from each other. Wal-Mart management requires coming up with way of reducing the transportation cost. This could be by considering opening other stores in nearby towns to reduce the operation costs. One factor resulting in increased transportation cost is the poor communication network between Wal-Mart management and their stakeholders such as the suppliers. This makes it hard for Wal-Mart to obtain its supplies in time. As opposed to US, where Wal-Mart used satellites to trap its sales and for real time communication, satellite usage in China is prohibited. It is thus important for Wal-Mart management to considerer other electronic communication options to link their different store in China to the suppliers. Use of fax in some of the store is not effective enough (Glass, 2012).

Although Wal-Mart tries to provide high quality goods, the Chinese consumers are extremely vigilant on quality. This has made it hard for Wal-Mart to retain the extreme quality at low costs. Wal-Mart management should thus consider ways of regulating their cost but ensure they do not compromise on the quality, which is more important to Chinese consumers as compare to those in Wal-Mart’s home market (Glass, 2012).

Conclusion

Wal-Mart is one of the largest retailers with several stores across the globe. The recent entry into China was not very successful. Some of the factors that hampered the expansion of Wal-Mart in China include poor communication between the different stores and supplies. Additionally, the Chinese consumers were not welcoming towards Wal-Mart. The demand for high quality goods by Chinese consumers poses a threat to Wal-Mart culture of offering goods at low prices. Wal-Mart Management should consider changing their marketing strategies to enable expansion.

 

References

Farhoomand, A., & Wang, I. (2006). Wal-Mart Stores: “Everyday Low Prices” in China. Havard Business Review, 1-26.

Glass, D. (2012). Wal-Mart Stores: “Every Day Lowprices” In China. Retrieved from Harvard Business School

Wang, W., & Jha, I. (2011, Jan 5). Walmart and Carrefour in China. Retrieved from International Retailing Education and Training (IRET): http://bear.warrington.ufl.edu/oh/IRET/Cases/Wal-mart%20and%20Carrefour%20CaseEdits.pdf

 

 

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Loyalty Scheme and CSR impact in Airline Sector

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Loyalty Scheme and CSR impact in Airline Sector

            For the past years, competition in the airline industry has been intensifying, thus creating the need to sustain long-term growth and profitability. The ability of airline industry to attain long-term growth hinges on implementing loyalty schemes that boost customer relationship management. For the past decades, loyalty programs have grown in complexity throughout airline industry. Today, over one million people are enrolled in loyalty programs to receive free upgrades, travels, and favourable treatment in return for being potential or frequent clients. Indeed, loyalty schemes have been a powerful tool to convert first time clients to frequent and potential clients. In airline industry, customer loyalty schemes seek to retain and acquire clients, boost customer spending habits, and boost purchase of additional goods and services. Additionally, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program has promoted growth in this industry. CSR programs have increased growth and profitability in the sense that, companies have embraced the fact that they have ethical and moral obligation in addition to their actual roles of attaining profits and complying with laws and regulations. With this, this pamphlet seeks to discuss how loyalty scheme and CSR has operated in the airline industry and affected business and other stakeholders.

            In the 21^st century, successful airlines companies have integrated loyalty schemes to address and boost customer relationship and interactions. This strategy has enabled most companies to develop marketing and promotion campaigns that augment growth and profitability (Li-Wei & Chung-Yu 2012, p40). Loyalty schemes are an effective way to boost customer-retention levels. By increasing customer retention, the industry has grown tremendously. As the business world become competitive, the industry has recognized the need to reward the most valued customers. As a result, this has enhanced profitability and converted new clients to potential and frequent clients.  The industry has implemented various programs such as discount, rebate, and points program. Often, consumers receive instant discounts when shopping, and in turn, this increases their spending habits. Discount programs create a platform where consumers enjoy favourable prices and impact the industry’s growth. Rebate programs have played a significant role in increasing consumers’ spending. Basically, consumers accrue benefits from their purchases and receive their profit after a given span of time. This increases consumers’ spending in that, many accumulate financial benefits from the company’s programs. Points programs have augmented growth in the industry. Often, consumers obtain points from buying goods and services and thereafter they obtain discounted or free goods and services. In so doing, this increases sales and revenues and retain potential and frequent clients (Hobbs & Rowley 2008, p369).

            By embracing CSR programs, the industry has worked hard to ensure that the desires and needs of a society are met by the flexible interaction of corporations and individuals in the marketplace. Airline industry has worked hard to ensure that it is working in accordance with laws and regulations set by the government. The industry’s overriding goal has been to maximize profits, to maximize investor returns, and ultimately benefit the company as whole. Typically, legal responsibilities ensure that corporations comply with laws and regulations set by the government to control competition in the marketplace. The CSR programs allow airline industry to conduct business in accordance with moral and ethical standards acceptable in the society. Although the standards may vary according to time, the overall base remains the same. Social responsibility of the CSR has protected and improved the welfare of both business and society by complying with moral, legal, and ethical actions.

            CSR programs have improved environmental responsibility. Airline industry has played a significant role in meeting environmental responsibility and enhancing a strong corporate culture.  It is important to note that, the airline industry has been undergoing great changes. Because of higher energy and fuel prices, there has been a need to protect the environment. The industry has been pushed to restriction on green house emissions in order to operate efficiently. The industry has ensured that it is operating effectively and eradicates the major threats to the environment. For the past years, the viewpoint of airline industry concerning sustainable actions has changed due to laws and regulation, stakeholders, and environmental interest. Overall, the programs have laid a strong ground for the industry to respond to consumers needs while taking care of the environment. By embracing CSR programs, the industry has been able to offer excellent deals to consumers, added value for promotions, and creating unique campaigns that benefit the society at large (Evanschitzky et al 2012, p1).

            The focus of airline industry has been to develop skills in both operational and corporate environment that boost growth and productivity. Through CSR programs, the management team has had a strong zeal to promote a healthy environment and workforce that work hard to achieve the set goals and objectives (Blanca, Ana, & Jesús 2006, p390). The HRM ensures that employees are skilled, supported, and motivated to perform efficiently.  The company have embraced opportunities that ensure employees are adequately rewarded and remunerated for their quality performance. Rewarding employees increases employees’ zeal and morale to work hard and attain the set reward. In so doing, this creates a strong pace for quality performance and retains the best and competent employees (Wirtz, Mattila & Lwin 2007, p330).

            Through CSR programs, the human resource management recognises the contribution of competent and skilled workforce in providing excellent services and reducing operational cost. Instead of hiring and recruiting more employees, the company work hard to retain and motivate competent and best employees.  The HRM has a strong approach to create a favourable environment that motivates and support people to do their best. Basically, the company has an ongoing approach of managing performance individually on a tem level. The HRM has been on the lead to support and encourage professional development and productivity in the workplace through identifying competent employees and approving education and training courses that foster growth. The HRM builds and foster a strong organizational culture, which is free from bullying, harassment, and discrimination. The management team provides equal recruitment and employment opportunities without considering irrelevant characteristics such as disability, race, and gender. The HRM team foster a strong workforce that respect and tolerate human rights and cultural differences.  The team treats its people, customers, and wider community with respect and dignity. The management team values constructive leadership, which promotes equality in the workplace (Mathies & Gudergan 2012, p275).

            With the mentioned facts in mind, I would recommend the government department to provide online services to airline industry on how it can improve its programmes to focus on customer behaviour. I would request the government department to walk hand in hand with this industry since real winners are those that understand and recognize where their brand fits in consumers’ life and where reward, respect, and relevance are aligned to demonstrate a real value to their clients (Cant & Toit 2012, p10). It would be profitable for the government department to guide the industry on how to capture new clients and emerge the best among other competitors. As the business world becomes competitive, the management team should be encouraged to integrate strong leadership that stimulates high performance and productivity. The government department should also provide guidance on the professional development plan, which would help the management team facilitate a strong teamwork that augments profitability and productivity.

 

Bibliography

Blanca García Gómez, Ana Gutiérrez Arranz & Jesús Gutiérrez Cillán 2006, “The role of loyalty programs in behavioral and affective loyalty”, The Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 387-396.

Cant, M. C., & Toit, M. d. (2012). Identifying the factors that influence retail customer loyalty and capitalising them. The International Business & Economics Research Journal (Online), 11(11), 1223-n/a.

Evanschitzky, H., Ramaseshan, B., Woisetschläger, D.,M., Richelsen, V., Blut, M., & Backhaus, C. (2012). Consequences of customer loyalty to the loyalty program and to the company. Academy of Marketing Science.Journal, 40(5), 625-638. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0272-3

Hobbs, R. & Rowley, J. 2008, “Are pub discount cards loyalty cards?”, The Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 369-377.

Li-Wei, W. & Chung-Yu, W. 2012, “Satisfaction and zone of tolerance: the moderating roles of elaboration and loyalty programs”, Managing Service Quality, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 38-57.

Mathies, C. & Gudergan, S.P. 2012, “Do status levels in loyalty programmes change customers’ willingness to pay?”, Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 274-288.

Wirtz, J., Mattila, A.S. & Lwin, M.O. 2007, “How Effective Are Loyalty Reward Programs in Driving Share of Wallet?”, Journal of Service Research : JSR, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 327-334.

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