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From the Top at Carnegie Hall

From The Top at the Carnegie Hall is program of performances that mainly highlights performances from the classical music period. Musical performances by violinist Gil Shaham and Alice Ivy Pemberton depict music mainly from the classical period. Their musical performance is of the third movement Allegro from Bach’s Concerto for Two Violins in D Minor, BWV 1043. This is mainly because the piece fluctuates in terms of mood. The mood changes both gradually and suddenly from the beginning to the end. In the process this creates conflicting surges of elation and depression. The musical piece depicts flexibility in terms of rhythm. Within the time of play, the audience is taken through unexpected pauses, syncopations, gradual, and fluctuations from long notes to shorter ones. These changes are varied from gradual to sudden changes (Downs, 58).

Another classical epic performance is done by Eleven-year old violinist Simone Porter from Seattle, Washington. She performs Paganini’s Variations that helped propel her to prominence. During the performance, she was accompanied by Host Christopher Riley and eighteen-year-old tuba player Ibanda Ruhumbika. The performance lasted several minutes making the violin concerto a big piece. The performance was depicted by bold gestures and virtuosic flights. The show related to a 19^th century concerto and the artist confronted the underlying challenges enthusiastically characterizing the entire performance with a shining tone, accurate intonation and impeccable technique.

The representation of the three musical movements created and impression of a more cheery concerto than it is supposed to be. The violin is played are various rates depicting a tumultuous first movement. This is later opened with a jagged motto resulting into a full orchestra that repeats itself in the punctuation and the ferocious passagework from the alluring soloists. The performance also takes the form of second oven that is mainly depicted with the opening plaintive melody from the marimba and is later heard alluded to in later stages in the upper register of the violin. It is this form that it is realized that the artist infuses her performances with her personal style (Downs, 58).

Another performance in the program was one performed by a brother and a sister. The Sitawala Duo from grapevine performed a well-executed Passacaglia; after Hendel, during the episode of top of Carnegie hall. The team comprised of double bassist, fifteen year old Kiyoe Wellington who comes from Kaneohe, Hawaii. The talent and skill seem to be hereditary knowing that her family is mainly comprised of bassists. During the performance, and in honor of the musical tradition that is inherent in the family, she plays François Rrabbath’s “Reitba” using her grandfather’s bass. She is accompanied on this particular performance by the Host Christopher O’Riley. The intimate relationship between and the artist and the violin was evident in every bar. The artists seemed to listen to each other rendering into subtle nuances.

This performance at times alludes to various forms of Roman Catholicism although this is made in very minute portions in the violin concerto. The violin concerto in various instances bristles along in a contemporary way but immediately reverts to the traditional classical form. This creates a rather comforting, Scottish like folksong or waltz. The performance is executed in a striking breadth and sheer quantity. The violin concerto can only be described as an exhilarating experience that highlights absorbing listening.

The performance also included a gorgeously performed account of Tchaikovsky’s Symphony No. 5 in E minor. The artist’s broad tempos and the rhythmic flexibility that were utilized in designing the musical performance were vital in making the performance to have slight a touch of symphony’s romantic essence. The performance often created a drive among the audience to have a forward drive but the inherent incomings were made up for in the richness of the striking violin.

The program covered a wide emotive range. The entire performances indicated characteristic musicality, attention to detail, fanatical preparation and theatrical insight. The various artists paused before engaging in any piece to ensure they engaged fully into the mood of what was about to be performed. They displayed a masterly of acting and music performance. Using dramatic expressions, the artists delivered the rhythm in an impeccable manner. Classical music is mainly characterized by gradual and sudden changes in terms of mood and theme.

This experience, which was mainly characterized by classical performances, affected the audience moods through the creation of positive mood that randomly changes into moods of being elated, dramatic and broody. This was mostly experienced when the artist engaged in the fast notes. When the tone was changed, the audience was trans-located into a mood of melancholic nature, self-conscious, sentimental, poignant and hypnotic.

The musical experience was highly educational in terms of the underlying concert etiquette. If not observed properly, this could lead one into being a bother to the rest of the audience and the performers and being shunned. The paramount etiquette especially in classical concerts is the maintenance of silence. This is particularly in un-amplified orchestra. The audiences at such concerts expect utmost silence and disapprove of other members who make unnecessary noise other than breathing.

Unavoidable sounds such as coughing or sneezes ought to be delayed to the time there is a loud passage. If this is not possible, the sound ought to be muffled by a handkerchief. It was learnt that the trick is most effective when the handkerchief is placed at the inner elbow joint with the whole arm and pressing it against the mouth. Mobile phones and pagers ought to be either switched off or strictly kept at silent mode (Downs, 38).

The latter is often emphasized by the management before the musical concert commences. Timely arrival and settling at the seats is paramount. Eagerness in applauding is discouraged and often resented. When the performance ends, it is now becoming common for the audience to reflect in moment of silence and in some cases silent prayer before applauding.

The musical program influenced the audience in various ways.

It created an inspiring cross-cultural appreciation regarding common humanity, which is evidenced during historical music performances. The history in delved in classical music renders the audience to have a feeling of history being still relevant and active in the present. This is almost as if the ancient composers are still alive due to the accurate and precise execution of the musical plays. The audiences are therefore able to commune with the music’s original culture through the insight on the ethos and emotions that influenced the ancient composers.

The audience literary felt as if they were caught in the middle of a cross fire with different musical ideas. This is because although the performances were predominantly classical, each of the artists added their own spice into the works of art and in the process creating a shift in the audience’s perception of how classical music is supposed to be. During the live performances, the audience is also able to appreciate the passion and talent of the performers who took time and effort in selecting, learning and refining historical music.

 

Works cited

Downs, Philip. Classical Music: The Era of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, 4th vol of Norton Introduction to Music History. London: W.W. Norton & Company. 1992. Print.

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Article Summary

            The current corporate tax in the United States is standing at 35% according to Calmes in her article reporting on Obama’s plans to lower it to 28%. In addition, for a manufacturer who sets their maximum effective rate to 25%, they shall have preferences. In addition, Obama will enforce a minimum rate for the international companies with foreign earnings meant to discourage unethical accounting measures for shifting their profits to other countries. The aim of the plan to cut the corporate tax seeks to provide a fairer tax system that guarantees a leveled playfield for all the businesses. The system will still give the government the opportunity to continue collecting revenue with a guarantee for economic growth (Calmes 2012).

The 35% corporate tax has been recognized as among the highest in other developed countries. This has put the American companies at a less competitive position due to high taxes that they pay above other foreign companies despite utilizing all tax breaks available. From such reasons, it has been realized that many companies seek to reduce costs through taking their jobs abroad where costs are lower. However, president Obama suggested removing tax breaks for companies that take jobs abroad and increase tax breaks for companies that bring jobs to America (Calmes 2012).

Another strategy by president Obama is to reduce the tax breaks, and the revenue earned form the eliminated tax breaks would be used to create other tax breaks for companies engaged in innovations green production and clean energy companies. However, this might face opposition since some companies might still want to have tax breaks on some expenses. In a report by a congress committee, it was said that even after removing all corporate tax breaks, the corporate tax reduction would not go below 28% without increasing deficits. It has been found that there will be a difficulty reducing tax breaks that would amount to a reduction of up to 28% in the corporate tax without incurring deficits (Goldfarb 2012).

Since he entered office, the article cites that president Obama has been seeking to help the manufacturing industry, especially in the auto industry. This has become a focus for him, considering it is an election year, and focusing on the manufacturing industry especially in the Midwest would gather him support. However, concerning the tax, a challenge of selecting manufacturers who shall receive the reduced tax rates will be posed to the Obama administration. Obama’s tax reform would be focusing on reduction of effective rate for the manufacturing to maximum of 25%. The reform also focuses on promoting more research and development of better energy (Goldfarb 2012).

For Multinational Corporation, having a minimum tax rate will mean exempting their foreign income earnings from the American tax system. This will mean a “shift to territorial system of taxing offshore profits, which could exempt most of corporations’ foreign earnings,” (Calmes 2012). This move will face a lot of opposition from many officials since this will reduce revenues for the country many of the officials do not favor such change. However, there is an argument that taxing multinational corporations foreign earnings will encourage dirty accounting schemes meant to keep foreign earnings from taxation. The argument further suggests that taxing of the foreign earnings encourages the multinational companies to keep their earnings from the American market in order to avoid the tax. The point behind having a minimum tax rate for these companies is to avoid such incidents of using accounting schemes to avoid taxes so that such earnings can be invested in America (Democraticunderground.com 2012).

 

Work cited

Calmes, Jackie. “Obama Offers to Cut Corporate Tax Rate to 28%.” New York Times 22 Feb. 2012: Print.

Democraticunderground.com. Obama Offers to Cut Corporate Tax Rate to 28%. democraticunderground.com, 22 Feb. 2012. Web. 29 Feb. 2012.

Goldfarb, A. Zachary. “Obama proposes lowering corporate tax rate to 28 percent.” The Washington Post 22 Feb. 2012. Print.

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Effects of recession on the Detroit auto industry

The recession that was experienced due to the financial crisis in 2008 to 2010 affected the auto industry in the U. S negatively specifically the three big automakers. The three big automakers that include General motors, Chrysler and Ford, also referred to as the ‘Detroit three’, get their name since they are the largest auto industries in United States and Canada. The recession contributed to a decline in car sales in these industries, which was facilitated by high fuel increase. Due to the recession, the prices of fuel went up, making consumers opt to buy fuel-efficient cars therefore reducing the sales of automobiles from these industries. The cars the Detroit industry sell consume high amounts of fuel in volume compared to smaller cars.

The other reason that the sales in automobiles declined was due to a price increase in purchasing raw materials. This increase caused the industries to reduce its production since they could not afford to buy raw materials in bulk like before. The recession caused people with poor and average consumer credit rating not to access loans for buying cars, which resulted to less car sales. The instability in the job market and individual consumer finances caused by recession restrained consumers from applying for loans to avoid the payments, which reduced the purchasing power of consumers. Due to low volume sales, the industries had to lay off some of its employees and lower the wages it paid to the rest to stop them from being bankrupt (Borade, 2011). The companies had to reduce the payments it was making to the laid off workers since they did not have the money to pay them.

The industries requested the government for bailouts to sustain their operation since they were making losses and they were almost bankrupt. The bailout was needed to keep the industries afloat instead of sinking, which would have resulted to an economic crisis due to the resulting layoffs. The auto industries are responsible for creating three million jobs directly or indirectly. These opportunities would have ended with the closure of these industries. The bailout money enabled the industries to increase its production by purchasing raw materials and to pay up the debts they owed. The other reason bailouts were important is that they made it possible for consumers to purchase vehicles through the auto loans provided by bailout money. This increased the purchasing power of the consumers who previously could not access loans due to their credit rating and insecure jobs. This saw an increase in volume of sales as consumers took advantage of the auto loans to purchase cars.

The other reason why a bailout was necessary is that the auto sales drop to thirty-seven percent had reduced the competitiveness of the U. S auto industry in the global market. Therefore, a bailout was needed to restore the auto industry to a competitive high-level in the global market to increase purchases both in the local and foreign buyers (Amadeo, 2012). The bailout made it possible for the auto industries to develop low energy consumption cars that would compete with the other global auto industries who were selling these cars at increased sales rates. Another reason for the bailout was that the stock market price for the shares of auto companies had significantly gone down because of a decline in sales and rumors of bankruptcy. This was affecting the stock market negatively and making it unstable hence the bailout was needed to stabilize the stock prices that would result to a more stable stock market.

The auto industry that was greatly affected by the recession in 2008 is growing its volume sale therefore increasing its income. In the last two years, the auto industry has seen a rebound as the consumers emerge from the recession and are able to purchase cars. Detroit companies have made incredible profits more than they had in the past ten years after the bailout by the government. However, the demand for their cars has increased so much that the companies are faced with a shortage of workers with analysts predicting that there will be a hiring boom soon to meet the demand (Associated press, 2012). The companies, which laid off their workers due to a decline in production, will now be hiring more employees to meet the ninety percent production target estimated this year. In addition, the carmakers are increasing the number of shifts to increase the production of auto cars. This is in contrast to the production, which was thirty-seven percent during recession before the bailout.

The rebound has increased the number of employees being hired in automakers who manufacture parts that are assembled into each car. The rebound has led to an increase in production of raw materials and increased job opportunities. However, the rebound is causing fear that due to the high demand, the raw materials and parts may experience a shortage, which will lead to increase in their price. This increase and shortage of raw materials and parts can hurt the profits and production of the company in a negatively way though the companies are taking measure against these concerns. The rebound has also seen the companies add jobs in other states where they have offices benefiting the residents of those areas. In addition, foreign carmakers now prefer to produce their cars in America due to the increase in sales. Hence, they are increasing their staff to increase production, which gives the American citizens more job opportunity.

 

Work cited

Amadeo, Kimberly. The Auto Industry Bailout. U. S Economy, February 16 2012. Web. February 28, 2012.

Associated Press. Detroit carmakers race to keep up with demand as experts predict another hiring boom in 2012. dailymail.co.uk, 28 February 2012. Web. February 28, 2012.

Borade, Gaynor. US Economic Crisis: Impact on Automobile Industry. Buzzle.com, September 23 2011. Web. February 28, 2012.

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Disaster Recovery and Planning

            McCumber Cube model is a shorthand word which is used in reference to information systems security issues. The model originated in late 1980as and early 1900s and tried to provide insights on the relationships that existed between communications and computers security issues. The model aimed at developing security systems that would not be constrained or limited to the technical and organizational changes. The model is categorized into three parts; information states, critical information characteristics and security measures which aim at ensuring information systems security (McCumber, 2005, p. 99).

McCumber Cube model is also used or rather helps in classification of threats and vulnerabilities. The model is important when assessing high levels of abstractions in issues to do with security. The model is segmented into matrixes with nine intersection areas that help in the scrutiny and checking of threats that faces information systems (McCumber, 2005, p. 102). For instance, information confidentiality during its transmission or any intersections can be used to determine whether the system is faced with threats or not.

Critical information characteristics are one of the concerns in the information systems security. These characteristics include; confidentiality, availability and integrity. The three represent the security spectrum in an automated or computerized environment and are applicable to an organization regardless of its philosophy or way of operations/functioning.

Various security technologies can also be mapped into the nine intersections; the model provides an opportunity for protection of confidentiality of information during its transmission.  This therefore, helps to reduce access of the information to unauthorized users helping safeguard the information. When planning for disaster recovery, the critical information characteristics of data in the model do not create semantic confusion or complexity. This is because; it clearly demonstrates how confidentiality, availability and integrity of system link or functions with other intersection in ensuring that the information systems are secure (McCumber, 2005, p. 102). For instance, confidentiality is an important security policy for any information system. There is certain information that is confidential and therefore, requires access limits therefore ensures that selected users are controlled on the data that they access. Therefore, for surety purposes certain information is protected and access limit are intuited to control authorized access. Integrity is yet another attribute or critical characteristics of information. Information considered to uphold to integrity is that which has qualities that closely identifies how the information represents the reality. Therefore, integrity to be achieved, the information should be relevant, accurate and be complete. The model therefore, helps in determining whether actually the information that is transmitted has integrity. Availability ensures that appropriate information is transmitted to the other user when needed or required. For information to be available, support power backups, parallel databases and spare data channels should be available. The availability also functions as check and balance in this model.

The model has a layer on education, training and awareness, as one of the prominent security measures.  This awareness and education helps in identification of threats and vulnerabilities that may be associated with the use of automated information systems hence allowing affable steps to resolve the threats (McCumber, 2005, p. 107). Managers and any other employee in an organization should be equipped with skills and knowledge on security measures to enable them take precautions in safeguarding their systems security.

Therefore, the three critical information characteristics are easy to understand and conceptualize in understanding other relevant security issues within any information system. The three characteristic forms the foundation of the model.

Reference

McCumber, J. (2005). Assessing and Managing Security Risk in IT Systems: A Structured            Methodology, New York: A CRC Press Company.

 

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South Korea

Part 1

South Korea by Lee and Choe

The article on the New York Times analyzes the South Korean economic position on the globe. The South Korean economy has started resuming to being one of the largest economies in Asia after the 2008 recession that hit most economies. As a concern to the global community, Lee Myung-bak who is the president of the country agreed to engage in talks that would see the close down of the nuclear programs in North Korea.

North Korea is the most affected country by the wealth and economic status of the country. It has allowed WHO to continue distributing medical aid to the North. In the year 2009, South Korea made a donation worth $13 million to WHO, which was meant to aid in sending of medical supplies and medicine to North Korea. However, this donation was discontinued when the warship of the South Koreans was sunk in March 2010. The country has also been engaged in the significant economic decisions made by the developed countries.

South Korea by Miller

Miller takes the reader through the culture, language, geographical locations and the people of South Korea. Unlike most colonized countries, South Korea did not greatly adopt the Japanese language. On the contrary, they continued with the Korean language, which is their official language and the language spoken in North Korea. In other words, all Koreans make up one ethnic family, which speaks one ethnic language. Miller states that their writing and speaking of one language has been crucial in the making of the strong nationality they posses. The Korean language is spoken by more than 5.5 million Koreans living in the Diaspora and 65 million people living on the outlying islands of peninsula and peninsula. The Koreans were not pleased by their colonial master Japan so they failed to take up their language and most of their cultural practices. They are still angry at Japan to date.

Understanding South Korean Economic Growth through the eyes of Millitarism, Sex Work and Migrant Labor

Lee goes through the people, especially the women of South Korea, went through in order to maintain the economic activities taking place during the colonial days and even after that. Although there were more farming activities in the colonial days, the main source of economic growth in South Korea was manufacturing. The Koreans were used as a source of free labor by the Japanese and the women worked as sex workers for the Japanese soldiers.

Today, manufacturing is still the main source of economic growth. The country highly engages in computer devises, fabrics and clothing, telecommunication, heavy industrial products, just to mention but a few. In fact, the country is one of the major producers of steel since the 1970s. Some of these manufacturing skills were gotten from the Japanese, who are mainly known for their knowledge in technology and automobiles.

Background Note: South Korea by the U.S

This site gives general facts about South Korea. In economic matters, the country’s purchasing power parity by the year 2010 was $1.459 trillion. The natural resources in the country include hydropower potential, lead, molybdenum, graphite, tungsten and coal, just to mention but a few. The agricultural products include fish, eggs, milk, chickens, pigs, cattle, fruit, vegetables, barley, root crops and rice, amongst others.

In the year 2009, the exports amounted to $363.5 billion while the imports added up to $323.1 billion. The country’s major export markets include Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, U.S and China. It major imports markets include Australia, Saudi Arabia, U.S., Japan and China. This means that the country has a good trading relationship with its colony. However, the government that both countries have not come into full relationship as the colony still has bitter feelings towards the colonial master.

Cultural Identity and Cultural Policy in South Korea

The South Koreans, the North Koreans, Japanese, Chinese amongst other Asian people have similar looks. This tends to make many people assume that they have similar cultures. However, this is a fallacy. The South Koreans especially, have their own culture, language and uniqueness in the way they write. Their cultural aspects have also been emphasized by their cultural policies.

Yim gives the relationship between the cultural aspects and the cultural policies. The policies enable the country to develop it own culture in order to put a shield fro the outside cultures, especially the western cultures, which tend to corrode the existing one thus making it insignificant or undefined. The Japanese culture had no major impact on the South Korean culture. As earlier noted, this was mainly due to the hatred the Koreans had towards the Japanese mistreatment of them.

1. Do you think the people will completely forgive your colonial master at some point if the message of reconciliation and peace is greatly spread?
2. What positive aspects of culture and practices were adopted from the colonizing country?
3. Is there anybody you know who went through the colonizing period? How are their reactions and perceptions towards your country and the colonizing country?

 

Part 2

            I started by asking my interviewee to give me her names. She told me that her names were YewonSim. In order to know more about her, I asked her where her the name of her home country and the specific city or town she came from. She told me that she was came from South Korea and lived in Seoul as that was her university’s location. However, her home town is known as Daegu. I further asked her to tell me her age and whether she had any brothers and sisters. She told me that she was twenty-two years old and she had one brother and a sister.

In order to know more about her education and her reasons for studying, I asked her to tell the reason why she decided to study abroad. I specifically wanted to know why she decided to move to the United States. She told me that she wanted to be television drama director. She further told me that T.V drama was the world best. She wants to know the way of thinking of the American young people and the American young culture.

When asked about her reasons for choosing the United States as her place of study, she answered that her major is Media and it was started in the United States. When she entered the university, she knew that she wanted to do her studies in the United States. In order to know more, I asked her to tell me the year she was expecting to graduate and to confirm her major if I applied. She answered that she was expecting to graduate this August with a major in Media.

In order to get the views of a non-American about Americans’ reaction to non-Americans, I asked her to tell me about the reactions of the Americans when they meet her and know that she is from South Korea. She answer that the Americans start by asking her country of origin. When they know that it is Korea, they continue to ask about the exact part of Korea, which she has come from. She then answers that it is South Korea, where their faces tend to relax.

I asked her whether she knew about the words “colonized or dependency”. She answered that she knew about the word and then proceeded to tell me its meaning. She explained that the word refers to a country that holds or controls the economic and political power over another country.  I further asked her whether she knew that Japan was once the colonial master of South Korea. She told me that she knew about it. I further asked her to explain to me further. She told me that Korea was a dependency of Japan from 1910 to 1945, which was a total of thirty-six years. Korea then gained its independence in August 15, 1945. She told me that she has learnt about Korean history since the time she was in elementary school. She knows a lot about Korean’s colonization period.

I asked her to tell me about her native language and any other native languages if there were any. I also asked her whether she was capable of speaking it. She told me that the native language in Korea was the Korean language. The other language present was the English language. In order to know more, I asked her of how she came to know about the English language. She told me that she started learning it since she was in elementary school. She also enrolled in English tutoring classes later in life. In order to make the interview more interesting, I asked her to tell me the language she dreamt in before coming to the United States. She told me that she used to dram in Korean language.

In order to gauge her change of thoughts, I asked her to tell me about the language she dreams and think in now that she is in the United States. She told me that she still thinks and dreams in the Korean language although she heard that some people start dreaming in the English language if they study English for too long. In order to know more about her language, I asked her whether there were words in the Korean language, which she could not easily find substitute English words. I also asked whether there were English words that she could not find substitute Korean words. She gave me an example of “Bbi-jjeut-dda”. This means, “mad” but it is not the exact synonym. The English expression known as “Oh my god” does not have an equal in the Korean language.

I further asked her to tell me how the two languages affected her perception of the world. I asked her to tell me of how it felt speaking either of the languages and whether she sometimes substituted one language with the other. She told me that a lot of content was written in the English language. Knowing and writing English made one to know a lot of information. She gave an example of the “TED” video clip where one gets to learn a lot of information through the professors and the lecturers from the different universities. She also told me that it is best for one to learn their mother tongue. This makes it easier for one to learn other languages.

I asked her a few questions relating to how it felt living in former colony South Korea. I asked her whether she had ever traveled to Japan. She answered that she had. I further asked whether Japan influenced the Koreans’ lives. She answered that it does. She told me that since Japan was Korean’s colonial master, some cultures practiced today and some laws followed today were based on the Japanese culture and legal system. I further asked her how she viewed the South Korea to be different from Japan. She told me that the Koreans started afresh after they got their independence. However, since Korea is situated near China and Japan, the three countries have influenced each other.

I asked her to give me reasons that she thought made Korea to be a colony of Japan. I further told her to give me the effects of Japan’s colonization on South Korean’s economic power. She told me that Japan accepted the western culture (of colonizing other countries) in the 19^th century. Since Korea was near Japan, Japan made up a plan to colonize it. For thirty-six years, South Korea endured the cruelty of the Japanese people. Since the Koreans did not like the Japanese culture and their way of life, the Japanese had a herd time controlling the Koreans. This led the Japanese to use the cruel ways the way they did. These bad effects are still felt by the Koreans to date. In winding up the interview, I asked to tell me about her favorite movie. She told me that it is known as “The Memory of Killing”. I further asked her to name her favorite popular song. She told me that it is known as “Old Love”. She also told me that her favorite book is known as “Mountain TaeBaeck”.

Conclusion

            The modernization theory enables one to understand how the people in the diverse countries came to have their cultures and how the colonial masters influenced their ways of life. In the above example, the Japanese people influenced the South Koreans’ culture in a few ways although the Koreans refused to incorporate the Japanese language in their lives. They were bitter towards the cruel way in which they were treated. Like in other colonies, the Japanese people influenced the legal system of the Koreans. Most colonies adopt the legal system of the colonizing country.

Literature and the arts are very influential on the culture of the targeted people. They help the people to understand what went on during the colonial days, especially the young generations who were not there. Some literature works and arts may help the audience to heal the wounds (both physical and psychological) that they got during the colonial days while other works increase the pain as they serve as a constant reminder of it. The reminders increase the anger and the hatred towards the colonial master as in the case of South Korea and Japan thus there is no free relationship between the two.

In the case of my interviewee, the movie was a reminder of the pains and the cruelty of the colonial days. Such a movie will only increase the pain in her and thus increase the resentment she has towards Japan. However, her favorite song soothed her mind as it reminded her of the old love. Since the people are fond of entertainment, they tend to follow or consider the musicians’ messages and the other messages conveyed by the musicians.

Through music and the media, America is portrayed as a very free country without any culture. It is also viewed as a country whose youths have been spoilt by drug addictions, sex and irresponsibility. With the Hip-hop songs so popular, it is portrayed a country full of people who do not care. In other types of literature, it portrayed as a very rich country offering many opportunities of fulfilling the American dream. This is what the people expect when they visit the country.

People are shaped by their environment and their encounters. If I were born in Korea, I would share the same culture, practices, language and feelings of the South Korean people. I would speak the language. There is a great probability that I would not speak the English or proper English depending on my background since it not a compulsory language. I would want to come to the United States since it is a popular country, which is portrayed to be full of opportunities.

Since I would be from South Korea, many of my job opportunities would be based in
South Korea. However, I would consider other countries such as the United States, Japan and the European countries. I do not keep grudges and anger for a long time and that is why Japan is one of my options. Japan trades with South Korea at many levels so it does not have such a sour relationship. It also has a very good economy.

 

References

Lee, J. K. (2011). Understanding South Korean Economic Growth through the eyes of Millitarism, Sex Work and Migrant Labor. Journal of International Women’s Studies, Vol. 12 (4): 167-169.

Lee, S. H. & Choe, S.H. (2012). South Korea. New York Times, February 7. Retrieved From http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/southkorea/index.html

Miller, J.A (2010). South Korea. Minneapolis, MN: Learner Publishing Group.

U.S Department of State (2011). Background Note: South Korea. Retrieved from http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2800.htm

Yim, H. (2002). Cultural Identity and Cultural Policy in South Korea. The International Journal of Cultural Policy, Vol. 8 (1): 37-48.

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Working rewards

Different people have their own preferences of either being self employed or being employed by a company. In whichever case, the decision is based on a number of factors that a person chooses.  Factors that form the basis of decisions to be self employed or be employed by someone include personal development and growth, religious/morality factors, time consumption, responsibility, autonomy, financial rewards, own boss among many other reasons. I have worked both on my own as well as in other companies but working on myself has not been rewarding as working for other companies.  Reasons for these feeling of less rewards, includes; personal growth and development, religion, time consumption, responsibilities, loss of work security and high uncertainty and stress.

Personal growth and development while working on myself has reduced. During the early stages of work, there are a lot of responsibilities that need to be done such as ensuring that all aspects in the job are attended to. These increased responsibilities deter me to engage in other activities that are important to the advancement of my career.  Much of the time is spend in isolation as opposed to working in a company where you get an opportunity to meet and interact and share with other employees.  Working for myself has always denied me opportunities to learn new ways of doing thinks and this deters my personal growth and development. Furthermore, working in a company provides me an opportunity to benefits from incentives that are provided by the company such as career development, leaves and financial assistance helping me to advance in my career.

Working in a company also provides one an opportunity to learn and appreciate other peoples religious and their moral values. Organizations have their cultures which help to unite or identify them from others.  The fact that companies have people from different religion affiliations and moral values, they help people to appreciate and learn to respect others beliefs hence enhancing harmony.  Working on myself does not provide me with the opportunity to meet and share with other people morals and values therefore; it has tended to limit my scope of knowledge.

When working for myself, I work for many hours even to an extend of overworking myself.  Working many hours and intensively is always motivated by the affinity to make a lot of money. This tires me and even makes me to cut my contacts or reduce my relationships with my family members. Compared to working in a company, working time is defined and this allows me time to attend to other activities such as family and have time to engage in leisure. Therefore, on time consumption, working for a company is more rewarding as it provides an opportunity to relax and do other important things.

Working for myself requires more responsibilities as compared to working in the company. In a company situation, work is dividend into smaller tasks which are assigned to certain departments. Therefore, in a company, people in a department have the same skills and can help one another with tasks and ideas. Working for myself requires a lot of input in terms of capital, managerial skills and ensuring smooth operation of the business.

Work security is guaranteed while working in the company as opposed to being self employed. The company is obliged by the law to ensure that the welfare of employees are safeguarded and upheld. In a self employment, there is no work security guarantee as any time anything can happen rendering you unemployed. Examples of these uncertainties or risks include, business collapse, bankruptcy among many others.

Stress is also an integral part when working on your own. Even though every aspects of life we experience stress, in a company the level of work stress is minimal compared to when you work on yourself.  Stress related to working on your own include,  working for long hours, less time for leisure, dealing with management issues, financial problems  among many others.

Even though, working for yourself allow one to engage in activities that best satisfies you and helps in determining the level of income you want to earn, the benefits of working in a company is more fulfilling and satisfying  because of the opportunities available such as personal growth and development,  minimal stress and many other advantages.  Working for others has therefore provided me the work gratification and job satisfaction as opposed to working myself.

 

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LOTO Quiz

Question one

Certain employees should be authorized in a facility. LOTO certified employees have the responsibility and authority of recognizing working conditions that pertain to LOTO. They are also charged with the responsibility of making assessments of energy sources regarded as hazardous using correct materials and procedures in implementing LOTO, as well as maintaining custody on the keys. The reason why these employees should be authorized is because they have been dully tested and proved qualified to apply LOTO. Locking and tagging equipment and machinery to perform maintenance and servicing requires specified expertise. In addition, an authorized employee is the only individual with the mandate of performing lock out and tagout procedures as well as removing or attaching tags and locks. No other employee can perform this responsibility.

Question two

Exceptions to lock out and tag out procedures are inferred when work is done in measures that require a provision for protection on guards, personal equipment, as well as measures that prevent the worker from being exposed to risk or hazard. These exceptions apply to equipment that relates to cord and plug types. In this case, the authorized employee performing the maintenance or servicing has full control over the power and plug cord and he can protect himself from all hazardous energy sources by disconnecting the plug. This exception is facilitated by absolute control where the employee involved is the only person performing the service or maintenance task.

The second exception to lock out and tag out procedures revolves around the minor servicing exception. This exception states that minor tool adjustments and changes together with other maintenance activities that take place in the course of normal operations in production, are not covered by the lock out and tag out procedures if they are repetitive, integral and routine to the use of production equipment. This is provided as long as the maintenance or servicing task is undertaken through alternative measures conscious of effective protection.

Question three

In developing and documenting LOTO procedures, I would have to consider that LOTO procedures that look to prevent injury to workers dealing with natural gas, electricity, and heavy machinery. First I would start by establishing regulations. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) provides requirements that any business that deals with maintaining and servicing equipment and machinery should have policies and guidelines that control lockout and tag out procedures. It is my understanding that these regulations should be written and measures to educate the employees on the policies should be undertaken. The goal of formulating prescribed policies and regulations is to prevent injury or death. These incidences can occur when an employee is working on particular equipment or machinery that is purposely or inadvertently turned on in the process.

The other consideration I would undertake when developing and documenting LOTO procedures is making policy provisions. I would therefore endeavor in writing LOTO policies that identify the specified and recommended tools and equipment to be used when performing maintenance and repair. This policy should have definitions for all terms and detail all the employees on their specified job positions that apply to the policy. For example, regarding particular machinery, it should provide which lock and tag will be used. The tag should allow for identification of the employee who set the lock. The tag should also specify the lockout’s purpose, either repair or maintenance. In addition the policy provisions should have an outline of the lock out and tag out steps. These outlines will provide guidelines such as which valves and switches the employee should turn, where to place the lock, who the employee should notify before commencing the procedure. If a lock has been used, its location has to be identified.  Finally, the policy should outline the steps that should be undertaken when removing the lock and machine restarting. This procedure should have an assigned qualified supervisor to oversee the entire exercise.

The final part of the lock out and tag out procedure development and documentation should include training measures. Every employee in the procedure should be subjected to adequate LOTO training procedures. The training can involve handing the employees copies of the policy provision. In addition, a hand on demonstration as well as a classroom discussion of the training procedure should be implemented. The place and time of training should be documented together with the outcome.

Question four

When performing the annual evaluation of LOTO program, I would include the following questions. Has the management changed the machinery, equipment, job assignments, or processes? If so, has the management retained the employees, reshuffled them or hired new ones? Do the program’s locks possess any unique identification, keyed uniquely, and only used for LOTO purposes? Does the lock attached to particular equipment or machinery relate to the employee servicing it? Is there any written documentation of machine and equipment specific procedures? Are the employees aware of the location of the LOTO procedures? Does the authorized employee notify the affected employees in the working vicinity before proceeding on with the LOTO procedure? Are the authorized employees able to identify associated hazards of the LOTO procedures as well as all the hazardous energy sources? Do the employees follow the specified guidelines when de-energizing the equipment or machinery? And finally, after the authorized employee finishes the LOTO procedure on the machinery in question, does he inform the concerned parties that he has removed the LOTO devices.

LOTO DEFINITIONS

Affected employee: This refers to the employee mandated with the task of using equipment or machinery being serviced under LOTO procedures. It may also mean the employee who is performing other duties around the LOTO area.

Authorized employee: this is the employee who tags or locks the equipment or machinery being serviced. He or she is also charged with the responsibility of inspecting, servicing, maintaining, inspecting etc.

Other employees: Any employee who is in the area where procedures of energy control are being undertaken. This may include building occupants such as students, faculty and contractors.

Energized: Equipment or machinery are said to be energized if they have any connection to an energy source are they contain stored or residual energy.

Energy Control Device: This refers to a mechanical device that is used to prevent the release or transmission of energy. It can include a manual circuit breaker, a line block, or any device that can be used to isolate or block energy.

Lockout: This term refers to the action of placing a lockout device on the device isolating the energy regarding a particular procedure. This ensures that the equipment being serviced and the energy isolated device are not tampered with until the device is removed.

Tag out: This involves the placing the tag out device on the device isolating the energy regarding a specified procedure. This is to indicate the equipment and energy isolating device are not to be tampered with until the LOTO procedure is finished.

Residual Pressure: This refers to energy retained in a machine, system or unit when the supply line has been disconnected. If not properly dissipated, electric fields and power capacitors are good examples of devices that can store residual power.

Energy Source: this refers to any source of mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, thermal, chemical, or any other energy.

 

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Ecological Movement

            The uncontrolled and systematic pollution of the environment, due to unchecked man pursuit to exploit natural resources, has resulted to the emergence of the philosophy and ideology of environmentalism. Environmentalism can be defined as a social movement that aims to protect the environment from adverse human induced effects through conservation and pollution abatement measures. One of the new environmental social movements to emerge championing environmental protection issues is the ecology movement. The movement was born in the late 1960’s by Rachel Carlos (Miller, 2002). This report studies the emergence of the movement as a social movement, the philosophy behind it and the theories relevant to it.

Ecological movement as a social movement, which gears to influence the political and social-economic system through consumer education, activism, lobbying and demonstrations aimed at preservation and protection of the ecosystems. Its agenda has been changing depending on the global situation. Initially in the sixties and seventies, it was involved in the push for disarmament of all nuclear weapons, acid rain in the 1980’s, deforestation and ozone layer depletion in the 1990’s and of recent climate change and global warming (Miller, 2002). In addition, they address global concerns like species extinction and they support like-minded environmental groups. Of recent, it has diversified its ways of championing its cause. There is a political wing headed by the green parties/movement, which applies radical measures to preserve the environment.

The history of modern environmental movements can be traced back in the nineteenth century. However, mass movements with wider followings can be traced after the Second World War. During this period two movements existed; the preservationist who pushed for land and nature to be separated and the conservationist demanded for the management of natural resources for the overall benefit of humanity (Miller, 2002). The Stockholm conference (United Nations Conference on the Environment) in 1972 marked the first ever-international discussions on global environment. The Stockholm declarations and the Rio declarations, twenty years later, formed the basis of the current international environmental law through which the movements base their authority (Buttel, 2004).

The emergence of environmentalism as a social movement gave birth to environmental sociology aimed at introducing biophysical environment into conventional sociology, by looking into the root causes of environmental issues. Hence, most theories proceed to analyze the social forces behind environmental degradation, which it is viewed to be an intrinsic repercussion of the 20^th century industrial revolution. Some of these key theories include Schnaiberg theory of treadmill of production, the urban growth machine postulated by Logon and Molotch, Catton and Dunlap theory on age of exurban and dominant social paradigm, Murphy’s theory of the irrationality of capitalist –industrial rationality and Schwartz’s theory on moral activation. (Buttel, 2004).

The moral norm-activation theory by Schwartz’s (1977) best gives a sociological analysis of the ecological movement. It argues that most environmental movements depend on degree of agreeability of given personal traits between the members, belief that the issues addressed are under threat and the belief that actions commenced by the party will restore order. This theory stresses on personal responsibility to ensure one’s capacity to avoid threats or protect the endangered organisms. (Buttel, 2004). This is evident by the members of

The ecological movement depends on public opinion to remain vibrant and overcome inertia. Research on new social movements indicates that the behavior and attitudes of the public determine the success of social movements. The value-belief-norm (VBN) theory explains the role of public support on environmental movements by applying the principles of environmentalism and social psychology. VBN theory defines activists as those movement members committed to the cause with the sole aim of influencing public policy (Buttel, 2004). However, the theory argues that environmental activism does not automatically lead to policy changes, hence it advocates for modern environmental strategies that are more pragmatic and realistic.

Social movements depend on the total commitment by the members to participate in its key duties of activism. However, less intense commitment by members is necessary as it reduces antagonism with the authorities (Miller, 2002). This has been achieved by the ecological movement by forming branches like green peace to use international diplomacy to address its issues. Some of these low commitment active membership initiatives include influencing public opinion by writing columns in print media and organizing fund raisings for the movements.

The ecological movement has achieved relative success in consumer awareness and education on important matters as global warming and climate change. However, there is a growing belief the movement is facing a crisis on lack of direction. The seem not to acknowledge the role of social problems in ecological issues. They only stress on economic aspects to be the main culprit in environmental degradation. The key issues of population, level of education and poverty rates are ignored limiting the comprehensive understanding of the issues the address.

In summary, the success of the ecological movement depends on commitment by its members and an efficient organization structure that communicates its “feelings” to the public. Since the movement depends on appeal to personal norms to recruit members, thus it should not profess a radical stand in its programs in the process locking out new members.

References

Buttel, F. (May 01, 2004). Environmental sociology and the explanation of environmental reform. Sage Urban Studies Abstracts, 32, 2.)

Miller, Jeffrey G. (2002). A Generational History of Environmental Law and Its Grand Themes: A Near Decade of Garrison Lectures. DigitalCommons@Pace.

 

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Articles Summary

Issues for DSM-V: Internet Addiction

Block summarizes the internet addiction problem that seems to be raising concern in such states as South Korea, China and the United States. In the studies carried out, the author summarizes four major problems associated with internet addiction. First, there is the excessive use, which is associated with neglect of the basic duties and loss of time. Second, the addict experiences withdrawal. These include depression, tension or anger feelings when they fail to access the computer. Third, the addict is tolerant. This includes the need to have better computer facilities and accessories. Fourth, there are negative repercussions. These include fatigue, social isolation, poor achievement, lying and arguments.

In South Korea, internet addiction is considered as a major issue of public health. According to data collected in 2006, 2.1% (210,000) of the children between the ages of 6 to 9 years are considered afflicted. One million two hundred thousand children are believed to be in danger since the average high school teenager spends an average of 23 hours playing video and computer games. A big number of adults are quitting work in order to be with computers. Many counselors have been trained in order to curb the situation. Schools are also being introduced by these preventive measures.

In China, 13.7% (10 million teenagers) of the adolescents are feared to have this addiction. This propelled the Chinese government to put laws that restrict computer gaming to a limit of three hours per day. Since United States people access the internet via their homes unlike the people in Asia, the statistics may be higher although they have not been confirmed. This internet addiction includes gaming and virtual sex. In my opinion, the internet addiction is rising today more than any other time in history. Internet has become so accessible even via the mobile phones thus raising the addiction risk. The preventive measures should be made public.

Attitudes and Desires Related to Euthanasia and Physician-assisted Suicide Among Ill Patients and Their Caregivers

Emmanuel did a research in order to identify the desires and the attitudes of the patients who have terminal diseases regarding euthanasia or physician assisted suicide. In the research, the author tried to identify whether the terminally ill patients were in serious consideration of euthanasia, the stableness in their desires, the factors associating with them, and the fraction of patients dying from interventions from euthanasia.

A survey was carried out on patients and the primary caregivers between the months of March and July of 1996 and 1997. The settings were outpatient in five metropolitan areas, which were randomly selected and one rural county. The survey engaged 988 patients who were diagnosed to be terminally ill. This was with the exception of the human immunodeficiency virus infection. 89.4% of the patients responded to the survey. It also involved 893 primary caregivers. There was a 97.6% response.

The main outcome measures were that the patients expressed a discussion or consideration for physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia. When given a hypothetical situation, 60.2% of the patients supported physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia. However, only 10.6% of the participants considered it for themselves. Depressive symptoms were noted as factors associated with the likeliness of euthanasia or PAS consideration. As the survey continued, half of the patients who had considered euthanasia had changed their minds and half who had not considered it had changed their minds. Caregivers responded that 5.6% of the patients had considered enquiring from their physicians about euthanasia.

In my opinion, most of the terminally ill patients have considered or even discussed PAS or euthanasia with their caregivers or physicians, while other consider it as a good way of ending the life. I agree with the statistics and the conclusion found.       

References

Block, Jerald J. (2008). Issues for DSM-V: Internet Addiction. American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 165: 306- 307. Retrieved From http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleID=99602

Emmanuel E. J., Fairclough, D. L. & Emanuel, L. L. (2000). Attitudes and Desires Related to Euthanasia and Physician-assisted Suicide Among Ill Patients and Their Caregivers. JAMA, Vol. 284 (19): 2460-2468. Retrieved From http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/11074775/

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Chapter 14

The author offers advice about things concerning credit, explaining how people can get money for their businesses. He notes that it is important for people to have a credit base, since this will assist them when they want to get credit from the bank. The author has established a process, which will ensure that people can increase their credit resource. The process includes ensuring that the business finances are in order by recording the financial statements and ledgers. Business owners should have all the information concerning their business finances, since this will help them in managing their business by being in control. People in businesses should see bankers as partners as partners who will help them in growing their businesses. The authors has outlined some of the important things that people should consider when they are selecting the bank they are going to use for their business. He has reiterated the importance of having a credible financial advisor, who has the same vision for the business as the owner does. The author advices consultants about the procedure they should use, noting that there are obvious advantages of collecting the receivables when they are beginning the work instead of collecting the receivables once the work is completed. The author concludes the chapter by highlighting twelve techniques that people can use to manage their expenses and ensure that they grow their funds. The techniques include maximizing the bills on credit card and business accounts. He notes that contrary to popular belief, it is better for consulting to pay for things on credit instead of cash since this will help them in building a credit base. People should ensure that they pay all the vendors on time. An expense budget is necessary since it will help in calculating the average expenses, which will in turn assist the person in forecasting and managing expenses. Other techniques include using travel agents, paying bills at single settings, buying as an option to leasing or renting, looking for the best deals, and using the envelope approach.

Can I have a retainer arrangement and also charge for projects concurrently in the same account?

Yes, you can. This is because many clients often change their minds concerning the kind of service they want. Sometimes, a client can opt for retainer services yet he or she will call you when the need arises. In other cases, the client will add the work that he or she had initially agreed on, meaning that you will have to take on additional tasks. In this case, a consultant can charge for the additional projects, although he or she might have already agreed on the retainer fees. A consultant has to be flexible. Consultants should make their clients realize that the project might require additional requirements, which had not been foreseen. Although consultants on retainer agreement can charge for the projects, they should ensure that their clients agree to do this, and that they deliver.

Is it wise to invest in certificates of deposits or bonds that deliver a higher return but require minimum investment periods?

I would consider investing in the certificates of deposits or bonds because of their low risks. The main thing to remember is that one cannot withdraw the money before the term ends. This means that they are not a wise option if you will need to use the money in the near future. Certificate of deposits have low returns, and I think that you should take advantage of the high returns when you can. Certificate of deposits and bonds are usually guaranteed and you will not loose money once you decide to invest in them. You can choose to reinvest your money instead of withdrawing it once the term ends. However, this means that you will be taxed for the money that has been reinvested. Weigh all the benefits and risks before deciding to invest in CDs or bonds. Consider other investment options such as mutual funds, which can be an alternative to the CDs, before making your decision.

 

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