Category: Essays

Imagine you are a policymaker or city council member and are actively involved in improving the lives of the vulnerable.  Via the first two written assignments, you have already selected one vulnerable population, which is in need of a new program or service within your community. You will research and design a presentation (APA style Paper or PowerPoint Presentation), which you will present at the next city meeting to advocate for your special population group.
The Final Project should demonstrate an understanding of the reading assignments, class discussions, as well as your own research and application of new knowledge. It must contain the following elements below and be re-written in your own words (you are welcome to refer to your previous assignments for guidance, but do not copy and paste from them):

A description of why this population group is vulnerable and in desperate need for help within your community.
Identification of the health service needs of this special population.
In order to support your claims and opinions, cite statistical data obtained from the county health department, state health department, and/or other organizations and agencies.

Design a model program or service, which is needed to improve the lives of your chosen population within your community. Remember to design a new program not currently existent within your community.  In your design, include the following:

A description of the continuum of care level (preventive, treatment, or long-term care) your program or service fall into and how it meets the needs of your selected group.
An analysis of the delivery modes of health services to be included.
A discussion regarding the multidisciplinary approach that is incorporated into the program.
An analysis of the role of legal and ethical requirements in the design of the program.
Identification of a minimum of two community agencies/organizations you would like to partner with in some way(s) in order to implement this program/service.  Explain why you would like to partner with these organizations and how can they help or benefit you with the implementation of your program/service.
Analysis of the current funding sources for provision of health services to this special population. Discuss the use of integrated funding. Based on your research, identify a minimum of two funding sources that may potentially provide monetary sponsorship for your program or service.  Explain why these entities would be likely funding sources.

Be detailed and convincing in describing the above elements, as you are attempting to win as much support from the attending members as possible.

For your presentation, you may choose between the following formats:

An APA formatted Final Paper

Writing the Final Paper
The Final Paper:

Must be eight to ten double-spaced pages in length, and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Must begin with an introductory paragraph that has a succinct thesis statement.
Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
Must end with a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
Must use at least six scholarly sources, not including the textbook.
Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

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Complete the Economic Terms Exercise in Week One of the student website.
Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you include the following:
•Describe the history and evolution of health care economics and the timeline of health care funding, usingthe defined terms.
•Include two outside resources.

Format your paper consistent with APA 6 guidelines.

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Paper instructions:

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Paper instructions:

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Research Paper Draft 1

1. Cover page and APA formatting:

You should include an APA-style cover page for your Draft 1. See the example on page 16 of The CSU APA Guide
(6th edition). Your cover page should include the following: the title of your paper, your name, and the name of your
university (Columbia Southern University). The running head should include up to 50 characters from the title of the
paper, along with a sequential page number in the upper right-hand corner.

2. Review of literature:

Below are techniques for writing a review of literature.

• Consider the topics that your sources cover. Then make a list of those topics. Cluster the topics together,
and decide which sources speak to the same concerns.
• Decide which sources speak to the same issues, and decide which material from those sources that you
will include.
• When sources discuss the same topic but do not agree, you should still include them in the same
paragraph if you would like. There is nothing that says that two sources that disagree cannot be presented
in the same paragraph.
• Remember to transition between ideas, sources, and paragraphs. Check out the list of transitional
expressions on pp. 44-45 of The Little, Brown Compact Handbook with Exercises.
• Remember to include concise summaries of the material.

Avoid the following in a review of literature.

• Do not comment on the sources. Your job here is to present the material only, not to give your take on
what is has to say.
• Do not include your argument. You do not want to argue in the review of literature because you are
reviewing the literature, not asserting your argument. You will be able to argue for your position later in the
paper.
• Do not just insert the summary paragraphs from your Annotated Bibliography. The review of literature is far
more than just a list of paragraphs summarizing sources.
• Do not forget to cite your sources in text and to include a references page.

NOTE: “Integrating Literary Resources,” a webinar created by the Success Center, may help you with your review
of literature. Click here to view the webinar.

3. References:

Include a references list as the last page of the paper. See the example on pages 6, 7, and 21 of The CSU APA
Guide (6th edition). All entries are those that have been cited in the text. No others are to be included. No
textbooks should be included on the references list

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I. Introduction

The purpose of this module is threefold.  First, we will inquire into the educational implications of existentialism.  Second, we will evaluate the strengths and weakness of S. Neill’s educational theory and practice.  Third, we will apply existentialist perspective to analyze the aims and methods of service leering.

II.  An Overview of Existentialism

Existentialism focuses on promoting reflective examination of human existence.  The word “exist” derives from the Greek and Latin words meaning to “stand out from.”  Very often, we have taken our existence for granted.  More specifically, it is not uncommon for us to perform our daily routine activities without exploring the meaning of our daily activities.  To raise our awareness of our existence, it is essential to “stand out from” our daily routine activities in order to critically examine our existence.

Although existentialism emerged as a popular cultural and philosophical movement in Europe in the 1940s and 1950s, existentialism can be traced back to the thoughts of ancient Athenian philosophers such as Heraclitus & Cratylus, who attended to human existence in flux.  Below is an often-quoted dialogue between Heraclitus and Cratylus:

Heraclitus: “You cannot step twice into the same river.”

Cratylus: “It was not possible to step into the same river even once.”

Here, I invite you to ponder your interpretation of the above dialogue in relation to your life experiences.

Existentialism in Modern Era

In the West, the school of existentialism emerging in 1940s in Europe emphasizes the “individual” as an autonomous moral agent who is entitled to radical freedom in making choices and fulfilling his/her responsibilities. Soren Kierkegaard, Martin Buber, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Albert Camus are the influential existentialist philosophers.  Sartre’s slogan “existence precedes essence” especially popularized existentialism.  To inquire into Sartre’s thoughts, we will need to inquire about “What is existence?” and “What is essence?”  To Sartre, an individual as a moral agent “exists” first, then he/she make choices to constitute what is essential about him or her.  In other words, an individual’s “free will” determines his/her personality, character, life style,….

Let’s pause and think about whether you agree with this viewpoint.  Why?  Why not?

Because existentialism emphasizes the individual as an autonomous moral agent, critics of existentialism such as S. Ramond question:

If ethics is about community, how can a philosophy which elevates the individual above the group have an ethic?

If ethics requires consistence and predictability, does existentialism’s insistence on the changeability of concrete experience and its rejection of rules preclude an ethical system?
Can we be ethical and be absolutely free?
How can we speak of “right” and “wrong” action in a world that is fundamentally subjective?
How can we prescribe for ourselves, or for others?

In response to Ramond’s questions, please think over your own ethical decision making process.  Then, please complete the following task:

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Task

After carefully the above notes, please answer the questions:

1.    Existentialism focuses on raising our awareness of human existence by attending to our daily routine activities rather than non-routine events (e.g., birth, death, graduation, marriage, divorce) in our lives.  Based on your personal experiences, explain why it is critical for us (from youth to adulthood) to attend to our daily routine activities.

2.    Sartre’s slogan “existence precedes essence” popularized existentialism.  To inquire into Sartre’s thoughts, we will need to inquire about “What is existence?” and “What is essence?”  To Sartre, an individual as a moral agent “exists” first, then he/she makes choices to constitute what is essential about him or her.  In other words, an individual’s “free will” determines his/her personality, character, life style, and so on.  Based on your personal experiences and critical reasoning, first offer arguments to support then refute Sartre’s assumption that existence precedes essence.

3.    Existentialism, to a large extent, is grounded in an assumption that an individual is an autonomous moral agent.  Based on your experiences, offer a concrete case to support or debunk the above assumption.

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First read this,

In general, existentialist educators believe that the primary aim of education is to facilitate the development of individual creativity.  Students should be encouraged to inquire into:

Who am I?
Where am I going?
Why am I here?

To respect individuals as autonomous moral agents, existentialist educators believe that teachers must respect students’ freedom/choices.  To existentialist educators, there should be a reciprocal relationship between students and teachers.  And, students and teachers must learn to make decisions through dialogues.

To a large extent, Summerhill School, founded by S. Neill, reflects existentialist educational philosophy.  Here, I would like to invite you to review the first three chapters of Neill’s Summerhill: A Radical Approach to Child-rearing. [FYI: Summerhill School’s web site: http://www.summerhillschool.co.uk/pages/]

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Second Review the attached article

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Finally, respond to the following question:

What are your own conceptions of “happiness” and “freedom”?  How would you compare and contrast your conceptions of “happiness” and “freedom” to those of Neill? Should concerned educators and citizens attend to Neill’s or your conceptions of “happiness” and “freedom” today’s discipline polices in schools? Why? How?

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Paper instructions:

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