Category: Samples

Name

Course Name

Instructor

Institution

Date

Effects of the First Opium War on Foreign Relationship in Qing Dynasty China

Before the first opium war, China had thrived economically and was looking forward to an even better future. China was isolationist in nature and did not trade with foreign countries. This nature of China therefore could not to fulfill England’s desire of trade with them. However, England looked for trade goods that would appeal to the Chinese, and so started exporting opium to China. However, China got into a conflict with England over opium trade, as they wished England to stop opium exportation to China due to its negative influence opium had in China. The British did not comply and this led to the first opium war between China and Britain. The first opium war had negative effect on Anglo-Chinese relationship in regard to the treaties signed afterwards, which favored the British and not the Chinese, and led to seceding of China’s Hong Kong island to the United Kingdom, hence leaving the Qing Dynasty in disgrace.

As Melancon notes, this first opium war was responsible for the changes in Anglo-Chinese relationship experienced after the war and even today (1). The British benefited more from this war, as opposed to the Chinese. England had thought that opium was the most appropriate tool for balancing the trade deficit between them and China (Jacques 536). The authorities in China later objected to opium trade, but this did not stop England. The main event which aggravated the first opium war was when in 1839, Lin Zexu, the Canton governor, destroyed opium amounting to 20,283 chests after forcing the British merchants to forfeit it, at Canton port. Later, British sailors murdered a Chinese citizen, hence building up tension between these two countries. The Queen then commanded British troops to take over Hong Kong. The first confrontation between the Chinese and British troops happened while the Chinese tried to prevent the British form entering Hong Kong. The British troops conquered the Chinese, killing many of them, and took over Shanghai, Guangdong, Chinese forts, as well as parts of the Canton city. This forced the Qing Dynasty to surrender to the British and the end of this war was concluded by signing the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 (Perdue 29).

By signing the treaty of Nanjing, the Chinese lost many rights of their sovereign state. In this treaty, the British were accorded five Chinese port cities, including all the trading rights. This led to the end of the Imperial monopolization of all foreign trade. The opening of foreign ships and the ports of Amoy, Canton, Fuzhou, Shanghai, and Ningbo opened China to foreign trade, thus ending their isolationist principles. In this treaty, China was also forced to hand over the Island of Hong Kong to the British for on a 99 years lease, which ended in 1997. This treaty also made china pay the British for the losses incurred during the war. China paid 6 million for the opium they destroyed, 12 million to cater for the cost of the war, and 3 million to the British merchants to cover the debts they owed them. All this amounted to 21 million, payable to the British in silver. This weakened China’s economy, considering the losses they had already suffered during the war (Carroll 9).

One of the conditions in the Nanjing Treaty was that the laws of their countries and not the laws of China would rule the foreigners in China. This was exploitative to China and denied use of its rule of law over all the inhabitants in the country. The Nanjing treaty therefore left the Chinese helpless and overruled by the British and other foreigners. This treaty robbed the Chinese of their independence and eventually led to the downfall of the Qing dynasty. China was now dominated by foreign states, and this destroyed the legitimate rule of a central government in China. For instance, even after the war, opium was still considered illegal by the Chinese authorities, however, the British continued with this trade in China, yet China could take no action to stop this, as the treaty had tied them down. This unfair treatment of China led to immense changes in the way China interacted with foreigners. This contributed to China’s economic downfall.

The first opium war weakened the Qing dynasty and less effective in the eyes of many nations. The opium trade increased after the war, and this resulted in more problems for the Qing Dynasty. Together with corruption and humiliation by the British, the Qing Dynasty earned a bad reputation, and was perceived negatively by its citizens and the international community (Ong 78). The international community developed a stereotype about the Chinese, who were regarded as opium addicts. This stereotype lasted up to the 20^th century. This therefore led to Chinese immigrants in foreign countries to be viewed in a negative light in relation to opium. This frailty of the Qing dynasty later resulted in the Taiping rebellion, which started in 1850. This war also laid a foundation for a later unequal treaty between the United States and China in 1844. This treaty was in many ways similar to the Treaty of Nanjing. These subsequent rebellions negatively affected the future of China (Elleman.35-36).

Generally, the first opium war between the Chinese and the British is considered devastating to the Chinese. However, a counterargument could be that this war was a blessing in disguise to the Chinese as it exposed them to western technology and modernity essential for economic development. Before the first opium war, China was highly isolationist and did not trade with other countries. However, the opium war opened it up to trading with other countries. This happened when the British took over its port cities, which were initially closed to international trade, and opened them up for trade.

Through the first opium war, China was forced to lay off its out-dated values, superstitions, and traditions and embraced elements of modernity. Chinese exposure with the West through the war and post-war period was beneficial to them as they now experienced new technology, prosperity, exposure to new people, and better trade, all this was through the efforts of the British. If there were no opium wars, it is more likely that China would still be under their imperialist and isolationist ideologies, which are irrational and illogical in the contemporary world (Melancon 56). Therefore, the conquering of China by Western powers was instrumental in bringing about ideological transformations in China, collapsing the old, corrupt Qing Dynasty, and laying the foundation for the birth of a modern republic of China, as witnessed in the 20^th Century.

This counterargument does not however give substantial reasons as to why the first opium war should be justified as beneficial to China. Before the opium war, China was stable both economically and socially, except for technology similar to the Western. Contact with the British ended all their hard-earned stability and plunged them into some kind of inferiority and humiliation. Ideologies in states always change, and it is wrong to assume that this was the best way for China’s isolationism and imperialism to end. China would still have experienced social and cultural change naturally, which would bring to an end their irrational ideologies. As a fact, most countries were once savages, who have today advanced technologically. However, technological advancement for them did not necessarily come because of war, exploitation, and national humiliation. The British and opium war were therefore distractors that removed China from its natural course of national progress and ruined, and devastated the Chinese through cruel treaties.

This subject is significant to the contemporary Chinese populations and the international communities, as it helps in the understanding of the relations between China and Britain today. With the knowledge of these historic events between China and Britain, it is possible for one to observe, analyze, and interpret the contemporary China-Britain relations. In addition, this historical event sheds light on how China developed to its current state. Most people today do not know the unfolding of this historical event except that it devastated the Chinese. However, this crucial and nation-changing event was important in shaping the present China.

Conclusively, the first opium war had detrimental effects on China, making it a fair game for foreign countries, even though it laid a foundation for the future prosperity of the country. The relationship between China and Britain was shattered, as characterized by great tension after this war. This war resulted in further wars and rebellions in China, leading to further devastation of China. However, China managed to pull through. With change in ideology and embracing of modernity, China beat the odds and emerged as a stronger republic in the 21^st Century.

 

Works Cited

Carroll, John.” A Concise History of Hong Kong.” London: Rowman & Littlefield. 2007.

Elleman, Bruce. “Modern Chinese Warfare, 1795-1989.” New Jersey: Routledge. 2001.

Jacques, Gernet. “A History of Chinese Civilization.” Trans, J. R. Foster, Charles Hartman.

London: Cambridge University Press. 1996.

Melancon, Genn. “Britain’s China Policy and the Opium Crisis: Balancing Drugs, Violence, and

National Honor 1833-1840.” London: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2003.

Ong, Siew. China Condensed 5000 Years of History & Culture. New York: Marshall Cavendish,

2005.

Perdue, Peter. “The first opium war: The anglo-chinese war of 1839-1842.” New York:

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 2010.

 

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

 

The Emirates Group

Name

Course Name

Instructor 

Institution

Name

 

Introduction

The State of Dubai owns the Emirates Group, based in Dubai. It is a large travel umbrella group, which is highly influential in the global travel and tourism sector, registering a profit of $762 million in 2006. Emirates airline is the most important unit of the emirates group. Another unit is the Dnata, a Middle East based, travel Management Company. Others include Emirates hotels, Emirates holidays, and Arabian adventures (Graham, Papatheodorou & Forsyth, 2010).

Jobs in the Emirates Group

Being such a diverse company, the Emirates Group subsequently have diverse job types, ranging from cabin crew to hospitality and engineering jobs. Cabin crews are responsible for passengers’ customer service during flights. Trainings for cabin crew mainly include emergency and security, including first aid, as these are prone to happen during flights. They also ensure that emergency equipment is in good working condition before flights. They serve refreshments and meals to passengers and ensure the passengers are comfortable during flights. Their job varies depending on the nature of the flight, if it is long or short-haul flight (Mahajan, 2012)

Pilots are responsible for flying passengers and cargo on long and short-haul flights to different destinations. Two pilots are required for each flight. They ensure that the aircraft, including the crew and passengers are safe and reach their destinations in good terms. Before flights, pilots must check their flight plans, communication systems, fuel in the aircraft, the condition of the aircraft as well as the weather conditions, as all these factors determine safe flights (Soekkha, 1997).

Individuals in Finance, Accounts and audit jobs are responsible for reviewing accounts of the company, performing financial health analysis on the company, and give financial advice. They also guard the company against financial risks, and are responsible for the safeguarding of company assets. They carry out wage reviews, liaise with management, and offer their recommendations, as well as preparing reports, financial statements, and commentaries. This position is crucial due to its sensitivity; therefore, Emirates Group ensures high integrity individuals fill such positions (Ireland, Hitt, & Hoskisson, 2005).

Aeronautical Engineers apply their scientific knowledge and skills in researching, designing, developing, maintaining, and testing the performance of Emirate aircrafts. They mainly are responsible for aircraft condition, fuel efficiency, speed and weight of aircraft, as well as adopting newer technologies to meet customer demands. These are employed in the Emirates Engineering, a renowned aircraft maintenance centre.

The Human Resource Process of Emirates Group

Recruitment

Recruitment is the process in which companies discover potential candidates for the actual or expected vacancies in the organization. Each company has its own recruitment policy. In Emirates Group, high quality individuals both locally and internationally are considered. However, they should accept to live in Dubai. Applicants should have attained the legal working age of their country and meet the set academic requirements. The sources of the candidates are internal and external. Internally, Emirates Group promotes qualified employees to top vacant managerial positions and postings to different arms of the group. Externally, Emirates Group fills entry-level positions from candidates from other firms, university and college graduates, and vocational schools. All this process is conducted professionally by the team recruitment. All jobs are posted online for online application (Kleynhans, 2006).

 

Interview and Selection process

After scrutinizing the online applications, shortlisted candidates are informed to attend a selection programme in Dubai. The line manager and recruitment staff perform the selection process to identify the most suitable candidate who will adapt well to the emirate culture and working in Dubai. After interview, both successful and unsuccessful candidates are informed through e-mail or letter about their outcomes. Once necessary approvals are made, Human Resources Employee Services (HRES) is responsible for the whole joining process and delivers employment contract and relevant documentation to the successful candidates (‘The Emirates Group Career Centre’).

Orientation and Training Techniques

Orientation follows recruitment, and helps the new employees adapt to the organizational culture and environment. New employees are taught on company objectives, mission, and vision. Their employer’s expectations of them are also communicated. The Emirates Group holds its employees as core to the company and therefore highly invests in their personal development. Employees are trained in relation to their training needs. These are determined by interviews with managers, their job specification, employee complaints, new technology, and customer satisfaction survey. However new employees are offered intensive training in all aspects of the organization. These are high calibre training programmes meant to increase employee skills and knowledge.

Courses offered to both new and existing employees are classroom-based, on-the-job, online (e-learning), practical assessment, simulation, project based or a combination of all these (blended). In addition, some courses are offered at a network of Learning Resource Centres (LRC), which exist in different Emirates Group buildings in Dubai, providing an out-of-workplace environment for self or group-based study. ‘My Learning Zone’ is an online Emirates Group learning portal for its employees. In addition, the Emirates Aviation College (EAC) is a campus for Emirates Group employees in the fields of tourism management, business management, aerospace engineering, and electronics and computer engineering (‘The Emirates Group Career Centre’).

Performance Appraisal

The Emirates Group has set standards of performance for its employees, through which they can be appraised effectively. These standards are based on the job position, are achievable, and understood by the concerned employee. In addition, these are specific and measurable, must be agreed upon by the employee and seniors, and are subject to change. All employees give feedback on their performance through their performance report. This is necessary as it determines who gets a promotion, and pay increase.

Employee Compensation and Benefits

Employees are the group’s core value, and so the group highly invests in them. The company’s remuneration policy focuses on compensation and benefits policies through detailed research and analysis. Reward package includes cash and non-cash elements.

Cash elements include, a tax-free salary for all staff, salaries are reviewed regularly to ensure they remain competence, accommodation allowance, transport allowance. Profit share scheme is offered depending on the company profit results. Exchange rate protection scheme is offered, whereby 50 percent of salary is protected from negative exchange rate fluctuations between only the UAE Dirham and one’s currency classification. Professional specialist allowance is guaranteed for specific job positions. Finally, additional allowances are payable in recognition of the specialism of the roles undertaken (‘The Emirates Group Career Centre’).

Non-cash elements include an annual, minimum 30 days leave, in addition to ten public holidays for all staff. Leave increases with the seniority of one’s position. End of service gratuity is granted according to UAE Labour law. Free leave tickets for annual leaves for employees and their dependents to their destinations according to company policy, are provided depending on one’s position. Education support allowance is provided for selected positions that are more senior. Personal life and accident insurance, medical and dental provision, government pension scheme for UAE and GCC citizens, and the provident fund are other benefits for specific employees (‘The Emirates Group Career Centre’).

The Emirates Group is a well-established company and highly organized in its operations. It has succeeded in managing its various units effectively, as some of its units the Emirates Airline is the second most successful airline globally. The Emirates Group has also highly invested in its employees through the attractive reward packages and personal development it offers through trainings. This in turn has boosted its productivity of this company as employees are provided good working conditions.

Conclusion

The Emirates Group values its Human Resource Management and as seen, employs appropriate strategies in this department. This has in turn led to its successful operations and profits over the years. This successful company has embraced professionalism in all aspects of human resources. Unlike other companies, it employs diversity even in recruitment, an aspect that helps it tap the best talents globally. These HRM elements have excelled the Emirates Group. Companies must therefore invest in their HRM departments, as this is a worthy reason.
References

“The Emirates Group Career Centre” (nd). Retrieved from

http://www.emiratesgroupcareers.com/english/Careers_Overview/cargo/default.aspx

Graham, A., Papatheodorou, A., & Forsyth, P. (2010). “Aviation and Tourism: Implications for

Leisure Travel.” Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. USA.

Ireland, D., Hitt, M. & Hoskisson, R. (2005). “Understanding Business Strategy: Concepts and

Cases.” New York: Cengage Learning.

Kleynhans, R. (2006). “Human Resource Management.” Capetown: Pearson.

Mahajan, V. (2012). “The Arab World Unbound: Tapping into the Power of 350 Million

Consumers.” New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Soekkha, H. (1997). “Aviation Safety: Human Factors, System Engineering, Flight Operations,

Economic Strategy Management.” London: VSP.

 

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

Name

Course Name

Instructor

Institution

Date

Zen Mind, Beginner’s Mind: A Book Review

 ‘Zen mind, beginner’s mind,’ an informative book on Zen Buddhism, by Master Suzuki Shunryu, highly bases on Zazen practice. This book is a compilation of Suzuki’s lectures delivered to his students in the 1960’s. Suzuki makes the reader realize the importance of the beginner’s mind, practicing without assuming either knowingly or unknowingly, that we know it all. He insists that in Zen, only the big minds prevail, as opposed to small minds, which he termed as egoistic in nature. In Zen, Suzuki advices that the Zazen practice is essential. The beginner’s mind is a pure mind beginning Zen practice.

The goal of zazen, the sitting meditation is for enlightenment, for us to experience physical and mental freedom through experiencing both our inner and outer worlds. Inhaling makes us experience the inner world, as the air we inhale goes into the inner world. On the other hand, exhaling makes us experience our outer world, as the exhaled air is released to the outside world. In zazen therefore, it is essential to follow the rhythm of our breath, as Shunryu Suzuki Roshi advises.

Suzuki employs vast imagery and symbolism in his trainings. For instance, he goes ahead to refer to his students as just swinging doors. He pronounced this while training his students on zazen, the sitting meditation. He used the term ‘swinging door’ to symbolically refer to the throat, used for breathing. Zazen encompasses inhaling and exhaling, whose rythms are crucial in the whole process. The throat plays a major role in the passage of air in and out of the body. In addition, exhaling and inhaling opens us to two worlds, the inner world, and the outer world. The throat is therefore a swinging door, which makes us get in and out of these two worlds. In the zazen process, this is a continuous pattern, and therefore, the throat is in constant action, letting us in and letting us out of these worlds. This is why Suzuki refers to it as a swinging door since it is not constantly shut. Suzuki then refers to his students as swinging doors. Since human beings can only live through breathing, it shows that breathing is the essence of human life. Subsequently, breathing could not be possible without the throat, which serves as a passage for air. He described the throat as a swinging door. Therefore, humans are just their throats (swinging doors), without which they cannot live. During meditation, a person’s mind moves out of the physical world to another world, what remains is him breathing, just the throat (swinging door) continuing with breathing pattern. This is why humans are capable of experiencing both the inner and outer worlds.

On the aspect of time and space, Suzuki recommends that we should live each day at a time. In any activity, it is important to focus on the purpose, and not completion. Similarly, while learning Zazen, one should not expect to learn in one day. However, progress is achieved steadily. One does not become an overnight sensation, but needs to work hard to get there.

“Every existence is a flashing into the vast phenomenal world.” Here, he refers to the freedom of our being. During zazen, if the appropriate procedures are followed, one achieves the main goal, which if freedom of being. This is a state of temporal existence, which is independent of other existences. In real life, people change every moment, however, this change varies each moment. Who a person is today cannot compare to who he was yesterday, or who he will be tomorrow. Human existence itself presents different freedom of existence; ‘I’ can never be ‘you’ since these two are independent of each other. Human experiences too vary and are independent of each other. Humans are independent beings but are share with every existence in the phenomenal world. This is why humans always cooperate.

“Step by step I stop the sound of the murmuring brook” is a phrase Suzuki uses to show the dominion humans have over their minds. In this case, one can stop the sound of a murmuring brook with their minds by simply ignoring the sound and not thinking of it at all. This human capacity, once achieved is freedom in itself. Zane will have been realized, since one will now have overcome or conquered themselves through self-reflection and discovery. Therefore, humans can have a clean mind by using their power to stop all negative thoughts in their heads.

Suzuki does not favor Zen Buddhism as a religion. In this book, he does not seem to propagate some form of belief or dogma. He thinks that in order to learn Buddhism, we need a teaching, a practice, and that is the Zen teaching. He considers Zen practice as peering into our real selves, with the purpose of studying and discovering ourselves. He does not consider having an object of worship as the only way of spirituality. However, he claims that it is more important to concentrate more on any activity we do and ensure we present the good in it. Only by doing this shall people come to terms with the truth. He argues that when people discover and know themselves, then that is true Zen.

 

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

 By Name

Course

Tutor’s Name

Institution

Date

 

Dead Man Working – A Review

“Dead Man Working” by Carl Caderstrom and Peter Fleming is an insightful book, which gives the reader an account of how people experience work in the present ‘dead’ world. The authors of this book largely dwell on capitalism in the society and this makes the theme of the book. They use different scenarios to prove the existence of capitalism in the past years, and show how capitalism today manifests itself in a different face, which seems friendlier, but is even more deadly than before. This review will address the major aspects of capitalism in the society in the perspective of “Dead Man Working.” Mostly, these are the strategies the authors of this book recommend the society should adopt, as well as those they should not have taken in their course of combating capitalism.

In this book, the authors portray the world today as good as dead because of the cancerous capitalism that prevails in various states. They recommend that what corporations and governments need is a change of strategy, especially in the managerial sector, as this will liven the dead world. Today, heavy capitalistic clouds cover the world. People are left helpless and have not taken any course of action to deal with this. People today have chosen to work and live, as this is the only option remaining, the alternative to capitalism. This trend persists among people as they wait for the unknown end, which could as well be the looming collapse of capital. However, this is not the right approach to face capitalism, as we shall see.

The authors introduce the concept of emotional capitalism. This is the new face of capitalism today. The age of work ended, but it ironically adopted a different face evident in the present workers society, where everyone is obsessed with work. This book at the beginning describes a dead man working. He feels drained, and dead. This is his life routine, long office hours, compulsory team building sessions, and interactions with capitalist managers disguised as anti-capitalists. Working today is compared to a living hell. Working is neither living nor dying, it is a living death. However, the ‘dead’ man is expected by his corporation to wear a smile, and a jovial face. The authors attempt to show the difficulty presenting itself for any chances of the situation getting better. The new face of capitalism is hard to clear. First, the capitalistic managers in work places today wear the friendliness masks. Capitalists have become tactful in their strategies, as they even condemn capitalism and tyranny, and employ anti-capitalistic policies in corporations. In addition, they ask their workers to incorporate an element of fun in their work. This is a strategy to brainwash the employees from seeing the dark side of their work and the capitalistic face of corporations.

Corporations today propagate the capitalistic culture and this has resulted in somatic desolation of employees, and these are considered “dead” but still working, as capitalism has squeezed life out of them. Most people do not like their work today. ‘Entering the workforce is like entering the grave” (4). This is a fact known by managers of corporations. They therefore employ other strategies to change the employees’ perception of work. For instance,                “fun-sultants’ are invited in companies to make employees who work themselves to death have a moment of laughter.

The authors break down the characteristics of the dead world in order to prove to the reader the state of the contemporary labor sector. Not all these characteristics happened naturally, rather, they are strategies adopted by governments, companies, as well as wealthy individuals to achieve their selfish interests, while blinding the public who will not read between the lines. The main characteristic is the liberal communism, a strategy employed by governments and corporations. Liberal communism embraces philanthropy at highest levels. No one hates philanthropy; in fact, it is a virtue. However, governments and corporations today embrace liberal communism as a strategy to cover up their capitalistic nature, and make it appear as a perfect game to the public eye. The authors typify this to the likes of Bono. By employing philanthropy, governments and corporations feel that the public, including employees will have shared the cake. However, philanthropy this way gives the people a taste of the cake while the capitalists eat the bigger part of the cake. All this is referred to as the bonofication of the capitalistic reality.

The authors’ critique of the work place goes beyond the poor office culture to the post-Fordism realm, where everyone is a worker and the balance between work and life is hardly achieved. They go ahead to address the horrible state of the business ideology today, which is characterized by a constant shift in the nature of power. Here, work is the driving force and cannot be substituted. Social responsibility corporations claim to have does not exist in reality. People are overly attached to work that they have lost their selves. Today, people no longer work; instead, they are constantly in work. The authors use an example of the effects of Fordism crisis to show that labor relations with capital is never ending. Even though the Fordism crisis of the 1970’s and 1980 has adversely affected the capitalistic system of the West, it did not lead to both labor and capital remained. The same case applies to the contemporary capitalism.

The authors do not argue against work, they however condemn how work has become an agent for dehumanization. Work now overrides the needs of the society. The social relations have been watered down as most people think more about work and hardly find time for their social part. Blackberry addiction is a term used by the authors to refer to an instance where workers who cannot leave work at the office. The internet and other communication channels consume the little time people have after work. The authors point out the meaninglessness of white-collar jobs. First, the jobs are repetitive. The middle-class people cannot fully rely on their salaries only for sustenance, and so most will engage in other questionable activities in order to earn enough to sustain them and their families.

Emotional capitalism has robbed people of their social life; in addition, it has led to increased suicide cases among most employees. Today, most companies offer prevailing suicide-management programs, in order to alleviate suicide rates of their employees. The authors also address these prevailing suicide-management programs in companies, and use the France Telecom company as an example of companies that have recently experienced suicide among its employees. Too much work related pressure could be blamed for this. Leisure time in companies is only a short-lived moment dedicated to cessation of thinking; in which escapist material in all mediums serve this purpose. Work has robbed people of personal time for meditation and personal development. People are tired after work, and have no time to think about what they want to do with their lives.

The authors note that people today value personal happiness highly. The society tie    self-worth to the salary a person earns and the kind of job they do. People therefore work hard to live to the standards they have set for themselves in the society. This therefore ties them to their jobs despite the poor working conditions. The society has adopted this wrong strategy in their quest for happiness. The authors attempt to bring out what the difference is between forms of enjoyment in the 1960’s and today. Desire for personal happiness and enjoyment existed since 1960’s but today people have mainstreamed this in their lives, as an excuse to justify the sacrifices made in their jobs. Happiness today is immediate and includes films, sex, slapstick, and clichés. This is due to the time-poor people cannot afford long-term happiness. There is a change in ideology today.

The girl child is another theme raised in this book. The authors purport that today, what we experience is the neoliberal zombie capitalism, since the real capitalism died in the 1970’s era. Today, children are highly regarded as the future nations. The state of children in any country therefore paints the future of that country. However, today’s society has been a boundary between boys and girls. These are not seen in the same light today and this has an impact on the future of nations. One thing a reader can learn from this is that investing in the future of a nation is worth. Therefore, the present generation parents could apply this strategy in raising their children, so that future generations are empowered. This could alleviate the degree of future capitalistic bodies.

The authors linger on the concept of the dead work, and its possible effects to the social factory. “The real fault-line today is not between capital and labor. It is between capital and life. Life itself is now something that is plundered by the corporation, rendering our very social being into something that makes money for business. We know them. The computer hackers dreaming code in their sleep. The airline stewards evoking their warm personality to deal with an irate customer…The aspiring NGO intern working for nothing. The university lecturer writing in the weekend. The call center worker improvising on the telephone to enhance the customer experience.”(33 ). Work today has become a way of life for most people. This shows the extent to which capitalism has spread to other facets of life. This is presented through the 24-hour capitalism, where each single hour sees a number of people working.

Cederström and Fleming argue that the present capitalism has no alternative, but is a destination in itself. Going back to the theory of Karl Marx, the authors feel that the present state of capitalism is the fulfillment of Karl Marx prophecy. According to Karl Marx, consumerism and materialism are the fruits of capitalism. In the contemporary world, the rates of consumerism have peaked. People have sadly become materialistic, as consumerism takes root in the society. Work and consumption is the order of the day. People work to spend, hence nourishing the roots of capitalism in society, just as Karl Marx had foretold. According to Cederström and Fleming, this is what makes it hard for capitalism to be eliminated in society.

The authors think that the dead man, who is the victim of the contemporary capitalism, has not put in any efforts to alleviate his situation; instead, he is helpless as complies with the prevailing conditions of capitalism. However, in as much as Cederström and Fleming condemn the helplessness of the dead man, they also offer reasons for this helplessness of the dead man. To them, capitalism is hard to control since it has become part of our social existence. Corporations are the epitome of capitalism, while their employees depend on them for a living. Therefore, if capitalism has to be eliminated, this must start with wiping out of corporations. However, this will mean the human existence will as well be wiped out in return, as these two are interdependent. Nonetheless, corporations have overly exploited the source of their sustenance, which are their employees.

Cederström and Fleming however, advise that a strategy with which to combat capitalism is facing the problem head on. They use the Charlie, a character in Stephen King’s novel ‘Firestarter,’ and Danny, a character in ‘The Shinning.’ They contrast these two characters in terms of their capabilities of power and courage. Danny exhibits power to an extent of identifying with ghosts, which then inhabit his world and he inhabits their world. The authors therefore imply that an appropriate strategy is fighting the enemies by keeping them, just as Danny. Charlie on the other hand runs away from her enemies, so that they cannot find her. Therefore, capitalism should not deprive people’s happiness, as there is hope for effective strategies to alleviate capitalism today as the authors point out.

Conclusively, this book by Cederström and Fleming is very insightful, as it peers into the depths of the always-ignored dark side of the corporations. The depth of capitalism roots with its new face in the society today is shown. The book also reveals the impact this level of capitalism today has on the corporation workers. Workers are lifeless as work; a capitalistic element has taken their lives over. However, the tactics of the capitalists has made them believe that it is normal to work this way, losing their social life. Such tactics include granting employees freedom to “be themselves” at their work place and “have fun” in the office. This book shows the realm of the work world today. However, this should not be the end of hope for humans, as there are strategies that could be used to combat capitalism. We can choose to live with it tactfully, like Danny, or run far away from it, like Charlie. However, since elements of capitalism have existed over history, there is no running away from it, rather, we should accept that capitalism is here to stay, and come up with strategies of controlling or regulating it, so that its effects are not lethal to human existence.

 

Works Cited

Cederström, C. and Fleming,  P 2012, Dead Man Working, Zero Books, UK.

 

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

                                                                                                                               Sussex Drive

Ottawa, Ontario

November 13^th 2012

Ms. Robin Smith

Managing Partner

ALO Company Inc.

Main Street, Vancouver

Dear Ms. Smith,

This letter is a feedback regarding the scandalous issue surrounding your company presently, which needs to be addressed. I understand that the company is in a delicate state, and this bears profound effects to its health and viability. Important steps therefore need to be taken, as this is a matter of urgency for your company to continue competing healthily in the market. The scandal your company is associated with was because of few individuals who were not loyal enough to uphold and maintain the integrity of their company. This therefore is a different case, since the company, as a whole did not participate in this scandal. In this case, we expect that your stockholders will find it easy to understand that your company does not condone such ill practices. This therefore was a case of utter misrepresentation by the few individuals, thus tainting the whole company image and brand.

An important step the company took by firing the employees involved in this scandal is quite commendable. This proves to the stockholders that your company does not condone such malpractices. You have laid a strong foundation for the successful process of image repair. In the process of restoring company image, the company should most acknowledge its involvement in this malpractice, and then develop effective strategies for repairing its image. These strategies must ensure proper communication flow between the company and the stockholders, who are the customers, shareholders, and donors. Only by doing this will the company effectively address the issues surrounding the scandal, and win back the trust of its stockholders.

Yours Sincerely,

Gates Brown

Enclosed: proposal for ALO Company Inc

 

 

 

Communication Proposal Strategy

Company: 

Restoration of Company Image after a Scandal

Prepared For 

Ms. Smith 

Managing Partner

Prepared By

Gates Brown

Consultant

November 13^th 2012

 

Background

 

Accounting firms are critical as they deal with finances, which is an important aspect of business. These are expected to conduct their business in the most trustworthy manner, proving to their clients that they can be trusted to deal with finances. Due to the sensitivity of these companies, any little scandal will draw great concerns from their keenly watching stockholders. With operations in China, Australia, Japan, and Korea, the company is expected to exhibit the highest level of integrity and trust in its operations as these countries are big economies, and highly revolutionized. This scandal has raised many questions, especially considering that Korea Government Agency was involved. With all these factors in place, the stockholders perceptions of the company have changed as the scandal has put the company in negative light. The company risks losing out, if necessary steps are not taken to clear this mess. This also influences the employees of the company, as this may make them feel inferior, thereby reducing their performance, job satisfaction, and finally company productivity. Therefore, the faster we fix this, the better.

The Post-Crisis State of the Company

Today, the company is in a post-crisis state. The scandal the company employees were involved in has altered the company operations in a negative manner. It therefore needs to employ all the crisis strategies it trained its employees in its crisis mitigation programs, before the occurrence of this new scandal. New strategies can also be employed to help rectify the situation.

The effects of this crisis are not yet felt by the company because the scandal is still fresh. However, without appropriate actions taken, these effects will be manifest with time. Currently, it is possible that some of the company stockholders are hesitating to give the company contracts for fear of untrustworthiness. Most are waiting for the company to come out clean before transacting business with it again. Therefore, the faster you address this issue the better, as the company will save on great loses, which are looming.

Consequences of the Crisis on the Company

What makes this crisis to register a bigger magnitude is the fact that a senior manager of the company was involved. A company’s management team is the face of the company; therefore, any wrongdoing on their side taints company integrity. The greatest consequence of this case is reputation damage. This is an immediate effect unlike the others. Once this scandal was publicized, the stockholders’ perceptions of the company changed immediately. The image of the company now is tainted.

If the company does not devote to solving this crisis in an amicable manner, the company will incur loses. This is a long-term effect, but crucial. This crisis has already resulted in stockholders’ losing faith in the company. Therefore, if the stockholders’ faith is not won back in time, they will withdraw from conducting business with the company in fear of loses. The company also risks brand erosion. This subsequently lowers company profits, and may plunge the company into bankruptcy. The company needs to work on its image in order to win back its stockholders.

Conclusions and recommendations

The impact of this scandal on the company today is hard to determine as this operates in four different countries. Nonetheless, the company should attempt analyzing the extent of risk this scandal poses. What we are certain is that the impact is there and is a negative one. Considering the nature of this crisis, the company does not need to rebrand, but only needs to restore its image especially in all the markets it operates. The most important thing is for the company to develop and employ its post-crisis communication strategy to solve this. This corrective action will involve the following strategies, which bank on language use, persuasive messages, and symbolic actions;

Image Repair Strategies

1. Public Crisis Communication

Avoid silence and denial strategy, instead the company should come out and publicly acknowledge this crisis. Silence and denial will aggravate negativity from stockholders. Interaction with the public and other organizations through the media, or directly will help put the issue in context. Company should explain the scandal and respond to questions about responsibility, cause, remedial plans, harm, and blame of the crisis.

2. Symbolic Acts

The company must utilize the media to regain its positive image. While advertising, use bright colors, and dwell on company leadership, core values, and long-term plans, rather than company products. Hold occasional press conferences to regain rapport with the public. In addition, there is need to invest in social responsibility. Active participation in charitable events and acts will fade the tainted image and make the public to start seeing the company in the past positive light.

3. Traditional Media

The company should use traditional media such as newspapers, radio, and television, or own press to address the situation as these are broad in nature. The internet should not be trusted in addressing this issue due to its unpredictability and uncontrollability. Learning from other companies, and how they dealt with crisis is important.

In conclusion, things have gone wrong, and only right strategies will clear this mess and help restore the company’s corporate image. The company should take a swift ‘silver bullet” move in addressing this crisis, as it is not a light matter. The journey to image restoration of the company starts with acknowledgement of the crisis, assessment of risks, and finally corrective actions. Since this company operates in different countries, the strategies adopted must be flexible and apply to all the countries. This will ensure total restoration of the company’s image.

 

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

Plagiarism

Name

Course Name

Instructor

             Name

  Plagiarism is a form of dishonesty and involves using another person’s academic work, terming it as your own. Such kind of practice is full of deceit and is same as cheating, even if a student engages in it unknowingly. Knowing the plagiarism concept has been important to me as this knowledge prevents me from being a victim of plagiarism. The knowledge of plagiarism is important as it helps students maintain their academic integrity. Personally, I find plagiarism as an important aspect in my academic work because failure to follow the plagiarism rules can jeopardize my education. This essay addresses the concept of plagiarism, plagiarism avoidance, and the importance of plagiarism in colleges and other educational institutions.

Plagiarism encompasses different malpractices. First, turning another person’s work to seem as your own, copying another person’s work without crediting it, failure to use quotation marks while quoting, citing sources incorrectly, using a lot of ideas from someone else work and less ideas of your own; and finally, copying and  interchanging words from another person’s work without crediting it. However, it is possible to prevent these cases by simply citing sources.

Plagiarism prevention is a crucial part of academic writing in colleges and other learning institutions. In colleges, students have the opportunity to practice their creativity and come up with new ideas. This way, they are expected to be independent thinkers and be capable of coming up with their own ideas, as their level of intellectual exposure is quite high. Students can therefore avoid plagiarism through multiple ways. First, crediting any sources that are used in one’s writing is one way of avoiding plagiarism. In addition, these sources should be cited correctly. In cases a student wants to use direct quotations, they should use these in a sparing and accurate manner. Patchwriting must be avoided at all cost (Buranen, Roy & Roy, 1999).

Writing summaries is also encouraged. Paraphrasing involves restating another person’s ideas in your own words. This is another way to avoid plagiarism; however, the source must be credited appropriately in the references. While paraphrasing, the paraphrased message must concisely represent the original information, without distorting the meaning.

Plagiarism is an important aspect in colleges and all other educational institutions. Today, many colleges have laid down sets of rules and regulations for addressing plagiarism. Students are greatly discouraged to plagiarize in their academic writing, since this could cost them their grades. Such set of rules are important as they enforce and protect the rights of people’s originality. In most countries, this is a moral obligation, as well as a commercial right. In countries where originality of materials is highly upheld, violators of this copyright law face stiff consequences such as stripping off their academic credentials. In colleges, when instructors suspect plagiarism in a student’s academic work, they follow the right steps in imposing disciplinary measures on the students, which may include cancellation of the work, or the whole course. Both researchers and students in colleges should invest in responsible and independent intellectual works to avoid risking their profession, and education (Eisner & Vicinus, 2008).

Conclusively, plagiarism is an important factor in the education sector. Plagiarizing is considered a great mistake in the academic field, as it is same as stealing someone else intellectual ideas. This is subject to harsh disciplinary actions. Students must therefore know the rules of plagiarism and the process of plagiarism avoidance. This way, they will be sure not to engage in this ill practice knowingly or unknowingly, due to the harsh consequences involved. College administration has a role to play in ensuring that cases of plagiarizing are limited. This way, the students will learn to think independently, therefore enhancing their creativity. If students plagiarize today, the future society will lack independent and creative thinkers.

 

References

Buranen, L., Roy, M. & Roy, M. (1999). Perspectives on Plagiarism and Intellectual Property in a Postmodern World. New York: SUNY Press.

Eisner, C. & Vicinus, M. (2008). Originality, Imitation, and Plagiarism: Teaching Writing in the Digital Age. Michigan: University of Michigan Press.

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

Name

Course Name

Instructor

Date

Small Wins Steps

Meyerson and Fletcher consider that women have not yet reached their worthy stature in the corporate world due to the aspect of gender inequality. In order for companies to address gender inequality, they recommend that companies should adopt the small wins strategy that bases on the small changes to offer lasting solutions. They metaphorically regard gender inequality as a glass ceiling, which can be shattered by the small wins approach. In this paper, I will apply the small wins strategy to my company with gender inequality situations. I will offer additional steps to the small wins strategy, in solving the gender inequality in my company.

Achievement of gender equality in the workplace is largely dependent on the corporate strategies. However, adopting approaches that base on gender equality is a major problem for organizations. In the work place, gender inequality mainly affects women. Long ago, women were victimized in the job market, and their entry was highly restrictive. Although this situation has been alleviated by policy changes in companies and at the national level, there still exist cases of gender inequality, which to a higher extent are embedded in the organizational cultures and are hard to detect (Meyerson and Fletcher 127).

In the small wins strategy, the identification of gender inequality problem is crucial in the rectification process. Failure to identify a problem will lead to its persistence. As a leader, I realize there is a gender inequality situation that needs to be addressed. The second step is to diagnose the gender inequality problem. Here, a company establishes the specific gender inequality problem, whether it lies in salary remuneration differences, or bias in managerial positions. As a new leader, I realize that the face of gender inequality in my company is manifest salary remuneration. Women are paid less as compared to men.

Third is patterns and consequences identification of gender inequality aspect. Here, we establish the organizational culture, and how it promotes gender discrimination. The final step is experimentation. Managers take the initiative of replacing company practices, which promote gender inequality, with better ones. This is through talks with the company employees to brainstorm possible solutions (Meyerson and Fletcher 133-134).

Additionally, I would consider the impacts of external environment on company policymaking. These include institutional framework, external labor market, and relations with other companies. This closely fits in Meyerson and Fletcher’s third stage of pattern identification. Here, I will evaluate role of the external environment in gender discrimination, apart from internal environment, which is organizational culture. According to Olgiati and Shapiro, external environment, together with company ethics determine a company’s gender situation (20-21).

Role of the Human Resource Management is an internal factor, which will also be instrumental in pattern identification. By evaluating the actions of the HRM, and how they propagate gender inequality, my company will be in a position to implement newer HRM tools that can accommodate gender equality. Integrating social partnership in a company fits in the final experimentation stage of Meyerson and Fletcher. Here, dialogue, which is a participatory approach, is employed to settle different conflicts, address pressing issues, and formulate equality programs (Shapiro et al, 7-9). The eighth step is using funding to addressing gender inequality through employee training. Gender equality monitoring, and communication, as a measure of progress is crucial. This stage fits in the experimentation stage of Meyerson and Fletcher.

Conclusively, a healthy nation ensures the equality of its citizens in various sectors, including the work place. However, this is should be a collective role by government and companies. The small wins strategy mainly stresses on how small changes in the organization can help conquer the problem of gender inequality. Therefore, companies need to change their course of action and start acting on their policies, to ensure gender equality.

 

Works Cited

Meyerson, Debra and Fletcher, Joyce. “A Modest manifesto for shattering the glass ceiling.”

Harvard Business Review. Jan-Feb, 2000: 127-136.

Olgiati, Etta, and Shapiro, Gillian. “Promoting gender equality in the workplace.’ European

Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. 2002.

Shapiro, Gillian, Olgiati, Etta and Valbjorn, Lotte. “Equality and quality: new moves for women

and business.” (Report of the European Positive Action Forum, Como, Italy, 3-4 June

1994), Brussels, European Commission. 1995.

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

By Name

Course

Tutor’s Name

Institution

Date

 

Benefits of Segmentation

Segmentation is an important aspect of marketing in the contemporary world. Here, a company divides its market into various portions, depending on the needs and other factors such as physical location. These factors lead to a variety of segmentation types, including, demographic segmentation, geographic segmentation, psychographic segmentation, and behavioral segmentation. Philip Kotler, an American professor is popular for his knowledge and experience in marketing and segmentation. Therefore, this essay on segmentation will largely draw from Kotler’s ideas in explaining the importance of segmentation to both the consumer and the company.

Segmentation is the dividing of the market into specific parts depending on different variables. This is mainly to boost effective marketing and sales. Depending on the variables used, segmentation is divided into various types. In demographic segmentation, the market is divided according to variables such as education, religion, income, social status, occupation, nationality, family size, gender, and age. The main advantage of this segmentation is that it is easy to identify and measure the variables involved. Demographic variables enhance the sale of goods and services, since they describe the target customers, hence making it easy for the company to make its sales (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010).

Geographic segmentation depends on customers’ geographical locations including towns, nations, regions, neighborhoods, and counties. An organization may target more than one geographical location; however, bearing in mind that data may not be uniform because of the different population capacities. This segmentation is beneficial since the geographical location of consumers influences their purchasing power. According to Kotler and Armstrong (2005), most companies advertise their products to fit the geographical locations of consumers. Products are also customized to accommodate the geographical locations of the consumers. This segmentation is useful when there are differences in the market where a company wants to market the same product. These differences could be cultural or political, and sometimes negligible or vast.

In psychographic segmentation, personality profiles and lifestyle types of the consumers are considered. These serve as a supplement to the demographic and geographic variables, in case they do not present customer behavior sufficiently. Behavioral segmentation mainly bases on the responses and attitudes of consumers toward specific products. Behavioral variables are considered the most appropriate for formulating market segments.

Segmentation has many benefits to both the consumers and companies. First, it allows for a consumer-oriented kind of marketing. This is useful due to its specificity, and therefore makes it easy for marketing goals to be achieved by companies. Segmentation enables companies to understand the needs of their consumers better. This benefits customers as their needs are met in a satisfactory way, companies are able to achieve their customer satisfaction goals. This further leads to product development to meet specific needs of customers (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010).

Through segmentation, the most suitable markets are chosen. It therefore becomes easier to meet sale targets as the market is guaranteed. Segmentation offers an opportunity to explore suitable markets. Lastly, segmentation enables companies to utilize their resources efficiently. This is because the company is guaranteed that its target segment will yield fruit. In addition, segmentation facilitates advertisements, which are results-oriented.

After segmentation, companies should evaluate the selected segment. According to Kotler, five important factors must be considered. In measurability of the segments, their size is determined using the available data. The accessibility or reachability of segments will tell if the segment can be easily accessed and made sales to. Thirdly, substantiality of the segment determines the profitability of the segment; this depends on the segment size. Actionability of the segments will determine if the company through developing programs fit for the segments can sustain the segments. Finally, basing on responsiveness, a company will determine if it will satisfy the market needs of the segments in the best way possible.

Conclusively, segmentation characterizes modern marketing, and is beneficial to customers as well as marketing firms. It enhances effective marketing and appropriate utilization of resource. Companies should therefore aim at investing in market segmentation. Nonetheless, segmentation provides an answer to; “Who are our customers, and what products do we sell them?”

 

Works Cited

Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G 2010, Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall, Pennsylvania State

University.

 

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

Name

Course Name

Instructor

Date

Evolution of the Correctional System

The concept of right and wrong is deeply rooted in the human psyche, as most people at a given age, can differentiate between what is ‘good’ and what is ‘wrong.’ This is the governing aspect of most laws that are established in different countries. However, some people break these laws due to various reasons, such as lack of knowledge, ignorance, or out of own choice. For most countries, breaking the law is subject to punishment or corrections, which vary in different countries. Correction systems therefore serve the role of punishing offenders, and each system has its own history. In America, the correction system has witnessed great, interesting changes from the medieval times, to the current super-max prisons. With this in mind, this paper will address the evolution of the correction system, including a historical overview of different types of corrections and custody levels.

The criminal justice system of America is concerned with both punishment and corrections, however, today; America has the highest inmate population in the world. The history of corrections system in America traces back to the European system, which was in England, Holland, and France. America only improved on this system in the way they executed it. In the past, common law comprising set rules offered guidance and helped people in solving different social problems. The process of law was under the guidance of judges, as they were responsible for making decisions relating to law. However, as time went by, the colonial system developed their system of criminal justice, which laid the foundation for the present criminal justice system in America (Gottfredson 11-15).

In the 16th and 17th Centuries, there were various correction modes. Most of them were based on public shaming, in order to teach offenders a lesson, and deter others. This approach was to prevent the recurrence of criminal activity, and included, cutting off ears, the stocks, whipping, ducking stool, and placing people in the pillory. For much heinous crimes such as murder, the criminals faced execution through public hanging. The act of imprisonment was rare in colonial years. However, this later found its way into the American criminal justice system. In prisons, people waited for their trial or punishment, while in detention. All types of criminals were detained together while waiting punishment. However, these prisons were poorly maintained, due to the negligence of the prison warders. Most people detained in prisons lost their lives due to various diseases, such as the gaol fever. Houses of correction were to serve a purpose of instilling industry habits in offenders through labor in prisons. The people held in these houses were mainly petty offenders, the local disorderly poor, and vagrants. Near the end of the 17th Century, houses of correction were absorbed into the prison system, and put under the control of the local justices of peace (Tonry 12-15).

In the 18th Century, many executions of criminals were undertaken. This raised concerns and led to the opposition of the death penalty by many people. They suggested that not all offenders found guilty should be subjected to a death penalty, however, only those convicted of serious crimes such as murder, should be executed. This opposition was counter-productive as jurors finally considered executions for petty offenders extreme. They therefore had to look for a much fairer way of punishing petty offenders, other than execution. In the mid-18th Century, imprisonment, with hard labor, was decided on as the most appropriate form of punishment for petty offenders (Freeman 77-80).

Transportation was the most appropriate method used to dispose convicts. These were transported by ship to the America and other British colonies by ship. This happened until the America War of Independence. However, at the end of the 18th Century, there was curtailing of transportation. This means that alternative sanctions had to be put in place. These were later formulated and adapted by the system. They included hard labor, and the house of corrections for those convicts unable to perform hard labor. This practice resulted in the adoption of the prison hulks by Britain from 1776 up to 1857 when these were faced out. Prison hulks were large ships, anchoring at Thames, at Plymouth, and at Portsmouth. The convicts in these ships were sent out for daytime employment in hard labor. At night, the convicts would be chained and loaded onto the ship, back to their towns. The prison hulks were phased out due to a number of reasons. First, the physical conditions in these ships were not of satisfactory standards. Secondly, the there was no any form of control employed in these prison hulks, leading to a chaotic environment inside them. However, the use of prison hulks convinced the public that incarceration, and hard labor was a useful punishment for crime (Kennedy 10-14).

John Howard, in 1777, sharply criticized the criminal justice system, and particularly the prison unit for its disorganization, filthiness, and barbaric nature. He called for reforms in prisons. Among some of the changes, he suggested changes in diet, employment of paid prison staff, regular external inspections, as well as other personal effects for prisoners. Many penal reformers, including Jeremy Bentham, argued that, although prisoners deserved to suffer for the crimes committed, the degree of their suffering should not affect their health negatively. Penal reformers of this era also ensured that women and men were detained in different prisons, with improved levels of sanitation. Bentham, in 1791, invented the ‘panopticon’ prison design. This allowed for centralized prison surveillance of all inmates by a centrally placed observer. This prison building design is adopted in some American prisons, such as the Allegheny County Courthouse and Jail, Twin Towers Correctional Facility, and Stateville Correctional Center. In 1799, the prison situations greatly improved when the Penitentiary Act demanded that gaols be constructed for each inmate per cell, and prison operations be based on silence, though with continuous labor. Gaols emphasized the aspect of confinement of prisoners, which is still practiced today. In the era of depression, crime rates in America increased, and the federal government founded The Bureau of Federal Prisons. This led to strict rules enforcement to counter organized crime, and other serious crimes experienced. The concept of corrections system in America began to form. In 1870, the first penitentiary was built in America, in Philadelphia. The Walnut Street jail was has a unique design, and allowed confinements as a form of punishment (Kennedy, 17-20).

In the 19th Century, the correction system in America saw many tremendous changes. In the first half of this Century, capital punishment was completely disregarded as an inappropriate punishment for most crimes, except murder crimes. Public shaming sanctions such as branding, were also regarded as outdated, and therefore were abandoned. Imprisonment came as a replacement for capital punishment. Penal reforms also peaked during the 19^th Century as more groups were concerned with human rights issues. These reforms mainly targeted the rehabilitation of offenders, including their safety situations. The religious groups such as the Evangelicals, and the Quakers mainly propagated the reforms basing on the concept of personal redemption. In this Century, prisons in the United States of America started investing in the education of the offenders. Punishment of prisoners stopped to be the main function of prisons. Introduction of skilled labor and education of prisoners was essential in rehabilitating prisoners. Corrections also focused on the mental and emotional health of prisoners. Corrections started exposing prisoners to mental and emotional trainings in order for them to make a successful re-entrance into the society after completing their sentence (McKelvey 80-83).

Today, there has been the development of various units in the criminal justice system. For instance, today, youth detention centers hold minors under the age of 17 or 18, depending on the jurisdiction. Different prison house psychiatric units have been developed for mentally ill patients involved in crime. Corrections system is also involved with providing services to former offenders and their families. This includes re-entry services, which empower ex-offenders to adapt to life back in the society after serving their sentence. These services make these ex-offenders to be productive and responsible members of the society again. In addition, most of the elements discussed still apply in the correction system of America (Diiulio, 62-69).

In conclusion, the American correction system today is a representation of the evolution of the past correction systems; however, this evolution still needs to continue over the future due to a number of reasons. Corrections system in the USA today is the largest state budget, yet close to five million people face imprisonment in America, over a given time. This raises concerns over their effectiveness of correction system in America. Has the correctives system fulfilled its mission of transforming offenders in society? This therefore calls for recommendations for the improvement of the current corrections system in America. It is not possible to completely change the human mind from criminality; however, it is possible to improve the correction systems to make them safer for offenders, as well as results-oriented. With time, we will tell if positive transformations take place in the corrections system.

 

Works Cited

Diiulio, John. “No Escape: The Future of American Corrections.” New York: Basic Books,

1991.

Freeman, Robert. “Public Perception of Corrections.” Corrections Today, 63, 108. 2001.

Gottfredson, Stephen. “America’s Correctional Crisis: Prison Populations and Public Policy.”

New York: Greenwood Press, 1987.

Kennedy, Devereaux. “Out of Time: The Curtis-Wells Anomaly and the History of

American Corrections.” Social Justice, 22(1). 2005.

McKelvey Blake. “Convict Labor and Pedagogical Penology in American Prisons.”

Montclair: Patterson Smith, 1972. 93-125.

Tonry, Michael. (Ed.). “The Handbook of Crime & Punishment.” New York: Oxford University

Press, 2000.

 

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]

Name

Institution

Instructor

Date

Personal Experience in America

International students encounter different experiences in America. These can be good or bad. Cultural differences play the role of shaping these experiences. These students receive varying treatments. Depending on their expectations, they are affected negatively or positively, thereby determining if their experience is pleasant or unpleasant. In this paper, I will address my personal experiences as an international student in the United States of America, basing on the aspects of politeness, equality, individualism, and openness in the USA.

I still remember nostalgically, walking into a Korean airport, and boarding a plane to America. I had mixed feelings, since my expectations of the USA were not clearly defined. Nonetheless, I knew the years that lay ahead were going to be the most wonderful years of my life. The early days in America were memorable and life changing. Experiencing America in person was thrilling. This remains my best experience. The cultural diversity in America gave me a chance to meet new people from different parts of the world. I missed home, especially my family, and occasionally, I experienced loneliness. However, this had made me break away from my comfort zone and lead an independent life, adapting to a new culture.

While in America, I received different treatment from different people. The level of politeness among students varied. Most students were polite to me; they offered to orientate me in my new school. However, a few were impolite. One of my worst experiences was when one student deliberately talked negatively about Koreans, to make me feel bad. This taught me that not all people are going to treat you in the same way. In addition, the level of politeness of a person depends on their personality. Therefore, this personality trait is not existent in every person, so I learnt to understand those who treated me in an impolite way.

I experienced the aspect of equality in America in different measures. In terms of education, equal opportunities are provided to both native and international students. However, in few cases, international students had trouble securing jobs in America. However, equality in all aspects is highly upheld in America, as the constitution demands, and this is rarely breached.

American culture portrays more openness than Korean culture, which is largely conservative. Here, there is less discrimination on grounds of gender and sex, and there is more freedom of expression. It is normal for expectant students to come to school, and students freely express their opinions on different topics, including sexual matters, which most cultures consider sensitive.

Establishing meaningful social relations was quite a challenge to me. First, the language barrier deterred me from making many friends due to lack of effective communication. Secondly, I found Americans to be more individualistic than Koreans back home. Most American students were not fast to establish close relations with new students. However, I capitalized on the few who portrayed less individualism, and I made friends with them.

Generally, experiencing the new American culture has taught me to be more independent as this was not initially my comfort zone. Adapting to this culture with each passing day brought out my level of adaptability, which encouraged me. Looking back, it is hard to believe how I have adapted. My experience in America may not be perfect, but has taught me abundant important life lessons. Daily, I feel a force of transformation, changing me into a more responsible adult.

 

Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.

[order_calculator]