Could a utilitarian consistently accommodate virtues into her moral theory? How? In your answer, explain why virtues aren’t usually considered in utilitarian ethics.
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[order_calculator]Case Study Analysis Your assignment for the first case study is to carefully read the article titled “The Case for Reparations”Preview the document. This article takes a very poignant view of the history of segregation in America, and suggests policy changes to address harm done to certain populations during America’s history. It is in no way intended to convince you that the author is right or wrong. Instead, the purpose of the assignment is to demonstrate that public administration can impact the lives of people in both positive and negative ways. You assignment is to use the article, the Case for Reparations, as well as your text book, and complete each of the sections below. The report must follow APA formatting. Introduction Provide an overview of the situation Identify key issues underlying the problems identified in the article that you read Main body Present and analyze the issues found in the article. Consider and assess possible solutions to the issues presented in the article. Include in your analysis material covered in the text book and material discussed by your fellow students on the discussion board. Draw from both your article and your personal experience Conclusion Summarize main findings. Identify and justify strategy proposed References A list of sources consulted or referred to in alphabetical order
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[order_calculator]LO1: Create an example of an effective grant proposal. 6. Grant PROPOSAL should contain a cover letter, a table of contents, a statement of need, a project summary, a project description, a project evaluation, project objectives, project methods which detail the how, what, and why, details on project sustainability, a well-planned project budget and budget justification, biographical sketches of key personnel, and resources needed. It is also useful to have a conclusion paragraph, 6.1. All grant proposals start with a problem or needs statement, most important element of a grant writing. 6.2. Goals and objectives are to be clearly measurable. 6.3. A work plan that tells HOW the stated goals and objectives will be met. 6.4. A project evaluation process: a plan to determine how well objectives are met and methods are followed. It is a quality control-type-of-process. 6.5. The budget section is crucial and explains the costs to be covered by the funder. Do NOT include an item MISC. There should be NO miscellaneous (unknown) expenses. The best proposal KNOWS where do the money go to. Double checking the budget making sure it includes all costs, including indirect costs, is a good idea. 7. Finding a professional reviewer, two or three (who are not involved with the project) and letting them point out ways to improve the project is a GREAT STEP IN THE PROCESS OF SUCCESSful grant application. 8. Process of relationship with the funder never stops. Report the results back to the funder. Keep updates flowing (not every day, but on a weekly or monthly basisask about the frequency). The process of successful grant application never ends. Once you applied and received funds, these agencies, people organizations are for ever to be in your circle of relationships. 9. Performing a solid evaluation of the success of the program is a must. The assessment, evaluation, and completion make a record of successful current AND future grant application. LINKS: Writing a Successful Grant Proposal.. https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/ec/ec-737.pdf Websites for the Grant I chose.. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/grants https://ami.grantsolutions.gov/index.cfm?switch=foa&fon=HHS-2019-ACF-OHS-CH-R05-1491
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[order_calculator]This can be both fascinating and frustrating, but it can certainly help you to avoid certain pitfalls in reasoning that are unfortunately very common. This exercise gives you a chance to practice identifying fallacies as they occur in daily life. Prepare: Read through Chapter 7 of the course text, paying special attention to learning the names of common fallacies, biases, and rhetorical tricks. Reflect: Search through common media sources looking for examples of fallacies. Some common places to find fallacies include advertisements, opinion pieces in news media, and arguments about politics, religion, and other controversial issues. You may also notice fallacies in your daily life. Write: Present three distinct informal logical fallacies you have discovered in these types of sources or in your life. Make sure to identify the specific fallacy committed by each example. Explain how the fallacies were used and the context in which they occurred. Finally, explain how the person should have presented the argument in order to avoid committing this logical error. Option #2: Your Most Common Fallacy We have all committed fallacies at one point or another in our lives, so for this discussion we ask you to reflect on the fallacy that you find that you commit the most frequently. Reflect: Reflect on the fallacies that you read in our text and find the one that you feel that you commit the most. Think about how frequently you have committed the fallacy and what kinds of things tend to lead to you committing it. Write: Present an example of an argument (or arguments) that you have made that commits that particular fallacy. Present the reasoning in standard form. Evaluate your argument(s) by indicating the name of the fallacy that you committed and explaining why this argument is fallacious. What might you do to avoid committing that type of fallacy in the future? How might learning to avoid this fallacy benefit your life?
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[order_calculator]2. Federalism is one of the most important and innovative concepts in the U.S. Constitution, although the word never appears there. Federalism is the sharing of power between national and state governments. Refer to the text of the U.S. Constitution to find examples of the principle of federalism in order to explain how we know it exists today. Your response to the prompt should focus on analyzing the information you gather and use to complete the constitutional chart through application. Incorporate the information you gathered by using it to provide examples and support for your response to the prompt.
You must include in-text (parenthetical) citations, as well as a bibliography to show ownership of any information that you include
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[order_calculator]The mechanization of labor that has occurred over the last 150 years is now culminating in what seems to be a new phase, the rise of the robot. In your first essay for our class, I want you to grapple with the implications of what our robot future might mean. The essay should address the advantages that robotization offers (the techno-optimist position) and the concerns such a future might bring (the techno-pessimist position). To bring a different perspective to your discussion chose a type of robot (perhaps the sewing robot) and analyze its potential impact using Allenby and Sarewitzs levels of technology. Remember, this is a prompt for writing. Your essay must cover all the points discussed in the prompt but you have freedom to decide how you would like to do so. Any arguments you present MUST be supported by credible sources. Include your essay word count at the bottom of your essay. Essays should be written in formal English with citations (footnotes). You may also use the Chicago-Turabian Style https://www.wired.com/story/what-is-a-robot/
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[order_calculator]Please choose ONE of the options below for your initial post. Option #4: Media and Bias The media we consume affects us, but we also affect it. Most people think that they perceive truth objectively, as it is. However, we all see things from a point of view and people tend to seek media that supports their points of view. This can serve to further entrench us in a more narrow way of looking at things while at the same time making us feel more certain that our point of view is objective and neutral. We also learned in Chapter 8 that people have biases (such as the confirmation bias) that make it hard for them to embrace ideas that contradict with their own points of view. This weeks discussion seeks to explore how we can free ourselves from these tendencies. Prepare: Read Section 8.3 in the course text on Media and Mediated Information, as well as Section 8.1, paying special attention to the section about confirmation bias. Then watch Critical Thinking on LIVING SMART (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4-XVZ7GQD8) about the relationship between media and ideology. Reflect: Think about the ways in which people consume media that supports their own points of view. Write: Express your thoughts on the following questions: To what degree and in what ways are people manipulated by the media that they consume? Make sure to give specific examples. What types of consequences can follow from people having more choices of what media they can consume? Do we control our media or does it control us? What can people do to break free from media hypnosis and have broader, more objective points of view? In what ways might we strive to overcome confirmation bias? Address anything else that you find relevant and interesting in the chapter and video. Option #5: Car Salesman/The Graduate/Bias in media or life source. Prepare: Prior to answering this weeks discussion, make sure you have read Chapter 8 and Complete this weeks scenarios: -Buying a Car (https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/38d80e6c-2422-436e-b99b-0d458a340dc3/1/BuyingaCarScenario.zip/story.html): This scenario will introduce you to evaluating arguments. -The Graduate (https://content.bridgepointeducation.com/curriculum/file/1e7aa7ea-801b-4b47-a55e-c8cf6597af26/1/GraduateScenario.zip/story.html): This scenario will present several arguments and demonstrate how arguments appear in daily life and can be broken down into premise and conclusion form. Reflect: As you worked through the scenarios, it probably occurred to you that the arguments you were presented with were likely to be biased. You may have noticed the use of rhetorical devices or even fallacies. On your own, find an example of an argument from a media source and evaluate it on the basis on this weeks readings. You will be addressing this source for this discussion. Remember that the goal of this discussion is not to agree or disagree with the argument, but to examine ways in which the argument is affected by fallacies, biases, and other potential problems. It will be helpful for you to use the specific concepts from your textbook in completing this discussion. In other words, if you think that an argument has a bias, fallacy, or other defect, its up to you to say which bias or fallacy it is. Write: Address the following and reference specific concepts from this weeks assigned readings: ? Include a link or bibliographical information for the source in your discussion post. ? Determine the issue that is being discussed and the conclusion that is drawn on that issue. ? Explain any biases or fallacies you find in the source and discuss the source of those biases with specific reference to the textbook or other sources on cognitive biases. ? Identify any rhetorical devices that may be used to influence your perception of the argument. ? Discuss the credibility of the source of the argument.
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[order_calculator]Science and Explanations Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read the assigned chapter in your textbook and watch the video Induction and Scientific Reasoning (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-bm-Cxg40E&feature=youtu.be&list=PLB8A5292FC68E2D77) Option #1: Inference to the Best Explanation One of the most common inferences in life is the inference to the best explanation (sometimes called abductive reasoning). We use this type of reasoning to infer what would best explain the things that we see. Chapter 6 in our book demonstrates ways in which this type of reasoning helps us to explain the world around us. Prepare: Review Section 6.5 of the course text on Inferences to the Best Explanation. Choose a topic that is difficult or controversial to explain. Some good topics include hoaxes, unusual sightings (e.g. UFOs, bigfoot, etc.), the supernatural or paranormal (ghosts, levitation, etc.), conspiracy theories, unsolved crimes, court cases, etc. Reflect: Do a little research to find a specific topic and learn about explanations on both sides. Consider what you think might best explain the observed facts of the case. Write: Explain the topic you chose and why it is interesting or controversial. Present good arguments on more than one side of the issue (e.g. competing explanations of the facts). Are there any holes in your theory? Is there any information that would be likely to strengthen or weaken your case? Option #2: Hoaxes, Tricks, and Fakers Prepare: Watch the An Honest Liar Official Trailer 1 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s9ZWaS_FjNU) about a man who devoted his life to exposing hoaxes and fakers For more information (and entertainment), you are welcome to watch clips from the film about how he did it. Reflect: Think about how many hoaxes and fakes are available to us today, including on the internet, and choose a specific example of interest to you. If you are having a tough time thinking of one, you can check out many examples on websites such as https://hoaxes.org Write: Within your post: ? Share an example of an interesting hoax of faker. Include a link or bibliographical information for the source.). ? Discuss some or all of the following: ? What was the nature of the trick? ? How many people seemed to fall for it? ? What mistakes in reasoning did they commit (if any)? ? Was the hoax or fake ever debunked (and how)? ? Do you think that you would have fallen for it if you had been there (why or why not)? ? What kinds of tricks are we exposed to in our everyday lives and how can we learn not to fall for them?
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[order_calculator]Current Events Essays the goal of this assignment is to 1) relate current events in Latin America to course materials and 2) develop critical thinking.You are responsible for finding a news article related to the theme we are discussing. These articles must be related to Latin America (you can also write about Latinos in the U.S.). Please follow the format below for this assignment. Include the link to the news article.
Paragraph 2: How does the article relate to the assigned material(s)? Discuss in detail how the news article and assigned course material are related. Be as specific as possible.Paragraph 3: What did you think of the article? Did you learn anything new? If so, what?This assignment will be graded in the following way:Score 3Meets or exceeds required length and format. Demonstrated in-depth use of assigned course material (either quoted or cited from material). High quality discussion of the relationship between materials in unit and news article.1.5-2.5Meets required length and format. Demonstrated in-depth use of assigned course material (but did not quote or cite from material). Good quality discussion of the relationship between materials in unit and news article.1Meets required length and format. Does not demonstrate in-depth use of assigned course material (including did not quote or paraphrase from material). Poor quality discussion of the relationship between the materials in unit and news article.0-0.5Does not meet required length and format. Demonstrated superficial use of assigned course material. Poor quality discussion of the relationship between the materials in unit and news article.
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[order_calculator]Case Studies
The patient, a 30-year-old homosexual man, complained of unexplained weight loss, chronic diarrhea, and respiratory congestion during the past 6 months. Physical examination revealed right-sided pneumonitis. The following studies were performed:
Studies
Results
Complete blood cell count (CBC), p. 174
Hemoglobin (Hgb), p. 259
12 g/dL (normal: 14-18 g/dL)
Hematocrit (Hct), p. 256
36% (normal: 42%-52%)
Chest X-ray, p. 1014
Right-sided consolidation affecting the posterior lower lung
Bronchoscopy, p. 587
No tumor seen
Lung biopsy, p. 738
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)
Stool culture, p. 855
Cryptosporidium muris
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) serology, p. 297
p24 antigen
Positive
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Positive
Western blot
Positive
Lymphocyte immunophenotyping, p. 306
Total CD4
280 (normal: 600-1500 cells/mL)
CD4%
18% (normal: 60%-75%)
CD4/CD8 ratio
0.58 (normal: >1.0)
Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) viral load, p. 297
75,000 copies/mL
Diagnostic Analysis
The detection of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) supports the diagnosis of AIDS. PCP is an opportunistic infection occurring only in immunocompromised patients and is the most common infection in persons with AIDS. The patient’s diarrhea was caused by Cryptosporidium muris, an enteric pathogen, which occurs frequently with AIDS and can be identified on a stool culture. The AIDS serology tests made the diagnoses. His viral load is significant, and his prognosis is poor.
The patient was hospitalized for a short time for treatment of PCP. Several months after he was discharged, he developed Kaposi sarcoma. He developed psychoneurologic problems eventually and died 18 months after the AIDS diagnosis.
Critical Thinking Questions
2. Why does the United States Public Health Service recommend monitoring CD4 counts every 3 to 6 months in patients infected with HIV?
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