• The introduction starts on a new page (the third page of your paper), and the title of your paper should appear at the top of the first page of the introduction.
• Introduce the topic with a description of the problem or issue being investigated.
• Develop the background by summarizing relevant prior research.
• It is normally a good idea to dedicate a paragraph to each of the relevant articles you have read.
• You should include pertinent information about the previous studies (this may include hypotheses, methodology, findings and conclusions).
Regarding In-Text Citations:
• Refer to articles by their authors and the date of the study, not the title of the study. For example:
Smith and Jones (1978) discovered that…
Several studies have found that anxiety negatively affects test performance (Brown,
2000; Smith & Jones, 1978).
• Note that references are listed in alphabetical order and are linked by a semicolon.
• When the authors are referred to in a sentence, “and†is used, but when the authors names appear in parentheses at the end of a sentence “&†is used.
• If an article has more than three authors, after the first time you reference their names in the text (e.g. Smith, Jones & Brown, 2003), you may refer to the research as Smith et al.,
2003.
• If you refer to a study more than once in a paragraph, you can omit the date. However, if you refer to the study in a different paragraph, you must include the date again.
• If you use a direct quotation, you must include the page number(s).
• Provide a rationale for why you conducted this study.
• Give a brief overview of your study and present hypotheses about the expected results of the study.
• Explain the rationale for your hypotheses, relating them back to the previous research.
• See APA Manual pp. 15-17 for further information.
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