Atoms
• Electrons – Negatively charged particles orbiting around a nucleus.
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Atoms
• Protons – Positively charged particles in the nucleolus.
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Atoms
• Neutrons- Uncharged particles in the nucleolus that stabilize the protons
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Positive Ions
• Atoms which loose or repel an electron become positively charged.
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Negative Ions
• Atoms which pick-up or gain electrons, become negatively charged.
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Ion Comparison
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Electron Flow
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Electromotive Force
• Friction-Capacitors
• Light- Headlamp sensor • Pressure- Knock sensor • Chemical – Battery
• Magnetic – Generator
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EMF
EMF
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Theory of Electron Flow
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Electron Flow – to +
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“Conventional” Theory
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Conventional Theory of Electron Flow
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Voltage
• The potential of electrons to flow (EMF) is measured in “volts”.
• Voltage is the measurement of the driving force (pressure) pushing the electrons from positive to negative
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Less Voltage
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More Voltage
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Amperage
• Amps is the counting of electrons flowing past a point.
• One amp of current flow is equal to 6.23 Billion Billion electrons moving past a point in 1 sec
OHMS
• The Resistance of the circuit opposes current flow. The unit of measure for resistance is the OHM.
• One ohm is the amount of resistance that will allow one amp to flow when being pushed by one volt.
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Electrical Comparison
3.
4. AIR
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Unit of Measure
- Volt: Abbreviated = V,U,or E
- mV = millivolt = 0.001volt
- kV = Kilovolt = 1000 volts
- Ampere or Amp: Abbreviated = A or I
- mA = milliamp = 0.001A
- kA = Kiloamp = 1000A
- Ohm: Abbreviated = Ω
- 1Ω = 1 Ohm
- mΩ = milliohm
- KΩ = Kilo-ohm
- MΩ = Megaohm
= 0.001 ohm
= 1000 ohms
= 1,000,000 Ohms
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Circuits
• A “Circuit” is an unbroken, uninterrupted path which begins and ends at the same point. Electrons must flow from the battery through the wiring and consumers back to the battery.
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Circuits Contain
• An electron source, the battery or generator.
• Conductors, wiring to deliver the electrons to the consumers.
• Consumers, the load being placed on the system e.g. lights, horn, A/C etc.
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Electrical Qualities of an Atom
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Open Circuit
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Complete, “Closed” Circuit
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