Exegetical and Hermeneutical Methods MA in Biblical Studies MA in Practical Theology Level 7 Module: Exegetical and Hermeneutical Methods Credits: 20 Assessment No. 1: Essay Write 4,500 words on the following: 1. Give a detailed critical exegesis and hermeneutical analysis of the account of Jesus transfiguration as reported in Luc 9: 28-36, Mathew17:1-13 and Mark 9:2-13 . You may use any appropriate methodological approach (e.g. historical- critical, literary, discourse analysis), though need to explain and justify your approach in relation to the text. Keynotes ( Very Important) Ensure your critical analysis mentions the destruction of the temple in AD 70 and its impacts on Christianity. Your analysis should also mention the kingdom of God and its implication in the new roman empire. You should engage as much as possible with the biblical text in English and in Greek. The English main version of the bible should be the NRSV 2. Key References Aland, B. and J. Delobel. (Eds.). (1994). New Testament Textual Criticism, Exegesis and Church History: A Discussion of Methods. Kamen: Kok Pharos Baker, David L. (2010) Two Testaments, One Bible: A Study of the Theological Relationship Between the Old and New Testaments (3rd ed.). Leicester: Apollos; Downers Grove, IL: IVP Broyles, Craig C. (Ed.). (2001). Interpreting the Old Testament: A Guide for Exegesis. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Fee, Gordon, D. (2002). New Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors (3rd ed.). Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Longenecker, Richard N. (1999). Biblical Exegesis in the Apostolic Period (2nd ed.). Grand Rapids; Cambridge: Eerdmans Osborne, Grant R. (2006). The Hermeneutical Spiral: A Comprehensive Introduction to Biblical Interpretation(2nd ed.). Downers Grove, IL: IVP Routledge, Robin. (2016). Old Testament Introduction: Text, Interpretation, Structure, Themes. London: Apollos Stuart, Douglas, Old Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors, 4th ed. (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2009) Thiselton, Anthony C. (1992). New Horizons in Hermeneutics. London: HarperCollins Thiselton, Anthony C. (2009). Hermeneutics: An Introduction. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Arndt, William, Frederick W. Danker, Walter Bauer, and F. Wilbur Gingrich, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000) Osborne, Grant R., The Hermeneutical Spiral: A Comprehensive Introduction to Biblical Interpretation, Rev. and expanded, 2nd ed. (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2006) Josephus, Flavius, and William Whiston, The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987) Josephus, Flavius, and Benedikt Niese, Flavii Iosephi Opera Recognovit Benedictvs Niese … (Berolini: apvd Weidmannos, 1888) Jackson, Jeffrey Glen, Synopsis of Matthew, Mark and Luke (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2009) Perkins, Pheme, Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2007) Newberry, Thomas, and George Ricker Berry, The Interlinear Literal Translation of the Greek New Testament (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2004) Robinson, James McConkey, Paul Hoffmann, and John S. Kloppenborg, The Critical Edition of Q: Synopsis Including the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, Mark and Thomas with English, German, and French Translations of Q and Thomas, Hermeneiaa Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible (Minneapolis; Leuven: Fortress Press; Peeters, 2000) Elwell, Walter A., Jesus Christ, Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology, Baker Reference Library (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1996), pp. 396406 3. Referencing style and Summary Style Guide SUMMARY STYLE GUIDE The following is a summary of the style we expect in essays at Graduate and Undergraduate (BA and BTh) level. We expect students to comply fully with these guidelines and failure to do so will be reflected in the grade awarded. This guide covers the most common style issues that will be encountered in essay writing. For things not covered here consult the much more comprehensive SBL Handbook of Style (SBLHS), on which this summary is based though there are some differences. Where there are issues not covered by this summary or the SBLHS, the main thing we look for is consistency. Font and General Layout Text must be in black ink using either Arial or Times New Roman fonts (or any relevant language fonts), 12 or 14 points,. The text should be formatted as A4, portrait and should be 1.5 or double spaced, with a margin of not less than 30mm. Electronic submissions should be MS Word files (not pdfs). Titles and sub-headings should be clear and consistent. It may be helpful to set up a style template in Word. The first line of paragraphs should be indented unless it immediately follows a heading, when there is no indent. Abbreviations Abbreviations of the names of biblical books Gen., Exod., Lev., Num., Deut., Josh., Judg., Ruth, 1 Sam., 2 Sam., 1 Kgs, 2 Kgs, 1 Chr.., 2 Chr.., Ezra, Neh., Esth., Job, Ps. (plural Pss.), Prov., Eccl. (or Qoh.), Song (or Cant.), Isa., Jer., Lam., Ezek., Dan., Hos., Joel, Amos, Obad., Jon., Mic., Nah., Hab., Zeph., Hag., Zech., Mal., Matt., Mark, Luke, John, Acts, Rom., 1 Cor., 2 Cor., Gal., Eph., Phil., Col., 1 Thess., 2 Thess., 1 Tim., 2 Tim., Tit., Phlm., Heb., Jas, 1 Pet., 2 Pet., l John, 2 John, 3 John, Jude, Rev. Add. Esth., Bar., Bel, 1 Esdr., 2 Esdr., Jdt., Ep.Jer., 1 Macc., 2 Macc., Pr.Azar., Pr.Man., Sir., Sus., Tob., Wis. When used in the main body of the text, the name of the biblical book should be written out in full. In parentheses in the main text, and in footnotes it should be abbreviated. Separate chapter and verse with a colon; put a comma and space between verse numbers; separate book or chapter references with a semi-colon: e.g., Rom. 8:1; 11:2; 1 Cor. 3:1, 4, 7 Other Abbreviations Edition ed.; Editor(s) ed./eds; Page(s) p. / pp.; Numbers no. / nos.; Second 2nd; Third 3rd, etc.; Verse(s) v. / vv.; Note(s) n. / nn.; Chapter(s) ch. / chs. 75 ASSIGNMENT As a rule of thumb about whether an abbreviation is followed by a full stop or not is: if the abbreviation ends with the same letter as the word itself (excluding plurals) there is no full stop (e.g. Dr, Mr, Mrs, St); if it does not, there is usually a full stop (e.g. ed., n., p., pp., vol.) Dates: BC, BCE, AD, CE in capitals (no full stops); note: BC comes after the date; AD comes before it (587 BC; AD 90); BCE and CE both follow the date. Bible versions: RSV, NRSV, AV, NIV, LXX, etc. in small capitals (no full stops) Latinisms, for example, c. (circa, about), cf. (compare with), e.g., et al., etc., should not be italicised. The use of op. cit. and ibid. to refer to a previous reference in footnotes is discouraged (see below) There should always be a space between p., v. and n. and the following numeral. Use standard abbreviations for periodicals, series and reference works in footnotes; though these should be written out in full in the bibliography (unless a list of abbreviations is included). Quotations Quotations need to be clearly identified and the source properly acknowledged. Use single quotation marks (…) for the first level of quotation and double quotation marks (…) for quotations within quotations. Quotations should not be italicised. Quotations of more than four lines should be set as (left) indented text in slightly smaller type. Block quotations are not within quotation marks and do not need to be double- spaced. There is no need to indent both margins but if this is done it needs to be done consistently throughout. Biblical quotations may be as above; or (if not a block quotation) in italics without quotation marks. Where text is omitted from a quotation, three dots (…) replace the omitted text. Examples In-text quotations (quotation marks, no italics): (Luther describes allegory as) empty speculations and the froth … of the Holy Scriptures. It is the historical sense alone which supplies the true and sound doctrine.16 Block quotations (indented, no quotation marks, smaller font, single spacing) Later story-tellers … make capital of experiences which, although they are invariably brought in on the basis of the ancient event in question, still reach forward into the story-tellers own day … What is historical here? Certainly some definite but very elusive particular event which stands at the primal obscure origin of the tradition in question but what is also historical is the experience that Jaweh turns the enemys curse into a blessing, and that he safeguards the promise in spite of all failure on the part of its recipient, 76 ASSIGNMENT Non-Roman Scripts and Non-English Accents In a non-language module, it may be necessary to transliterate Greek and Hebrew words; though this should be done sparingly; it is preferable to use a Greek or Hebrew font or to give the English translation. Where a word is transliterated, it should be italicised. Several Greek and Hebrew fonts are available for free download; we recommend: SBL Hebrew, SP Tiberian (Hebrew) and SP Ionic (Greek), and for transliteration, SP Atlantis (available from SBL) and SIL Ezra (Hebrew) and SIL Galatia (Greek). Accents should be used as appropriate (. in German, use an umlaut rather than spelling with an extra e); however, the sharp s () may be rendered by ss. Capitalized letters in French should not be accented. Gender Inclusive Language Use gender-inclusive language. Use he or she or she or he (not he/she or she/he). Avoid using man or mankind as a generic term; refer instead to humanity, people, humankind, etc. In references to God, use masculine pronouns, without capitalisation (he, him, his not He, Him, His) Notes Wherever possible, use footnotes on each page not endnotes at the end of an essay. Notes should be referenced by superscript numbers (not symbols), which run consecutively throughout the essay. Most word processing packages can be set up to produce automatic footnotes in this form. The total word count of the essay will exclude genuine footnotes (. footnotes that contain only references to source material used in the main body of the text, or brief explanations). Sometimes discussion that is thought to be significant but is only indirectly related to the subject of the essay might also be included in a note. This will be comparatively rare at undergraduate level, and though maybe less so at postgraduate level. Such footnotes, which continue the argument or discussion, must be included in the word-count of the essay. The Harvard system should not be used at Undergraduate level. It is not generally used at Graduate level, though may be permissible in some cases please check before using it. 77 ASSIGNMENT Bibliography and Footnotes The bibliography should include all the sources consulted that have made a contribution to the essay even ones that are not specifically referred to in the main text. Standard works on the subject should be included, as should recent titles, and relevant journal articles. In bibliographies, works should be listed in alphabetical order of the primary authors or editors surname (or where there are several authors, the first named author). In general, books and journal or other articles will be included in a single alphabetical list. Examples of how to format various sources are set out below. Place of publication, publisher and date of publication appear in parentheses; other information such as edition, number of volumes, series appears before the parenthesis (this is not the same as the SBLHS). In general use initials or forename(s) in accordance with what appears in the book or article. Books, edited volumes, dictionaries Anderson, Bernard W., From Creation to New Creation: Old Testament Perspectives, Overtures to Biblical Theology (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1994) Arnold, Bill T. and Brian E. Beyer, Readings from the Ancient Near East: Primary Sources for Old Testament Study (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002) Barton, John, Amoss Oracles against the Nations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980) Bright, John, A History of Israel, 4th ed. (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2000) . Douglas, J. D., and N. Hillyer (eds.), The Illustrated Bible Dictionary, 3 vols. (Leicester: IVP, 1980) Hafemann, Scott and Paul R. House (eds.), Central Themes in Biblical Theology: Mapping Unity in Diversity (Nottingham: Apollos, 2007) Richardson, Alan (ed.), A Dictionary of Christian Theology (London: SCM, 1969) Von Rad, Gerhard, Old Testament Theology, 2 vols. (London: SCM, 1962-1965) Journal articles, Grams, Rollin G., Narrative Dynamics in Isaiahs and Matthews Mission Theology, Transformation (2004), pp. 238-255 Routledge, R., Hesed as Obligation: a re-examination, Tyndale Bulletin (1995), pp. 179-196 Single essay from a collection, dictionary articles Atkinson, James, Atonement, in Alan Richardson (ed.), A Dictionary of Christian Theology (London: SCM, 1969), pp. 18-24 78 ASSIGNMENT Dunn, J. D. G., Spirit, Holy Spirit, in J. D. Douglas and N. Hillyer (eds.), The Illustrated Bible Dictionary, 3 vols. (Leicester: IVP, 1980), 3:1478-1483 Gray, J, Recent Archaeological Discoveries and their Bearing on the Old Testament, in G. W. Anderson (ed.), Tradition and Interpretation (Oxford: Clarendon, 1979), pp. 65-95 Martens, Elmer A., The People of God, in Scott Hafemann and Paul R. House (eds.), Central Themes in Biblical Theology: Mapping Unity in Diversity (Nottingham: Apollos, 2007), pp. 225-253 Material from the internet Whilst material from web sites where an authors scholarly authority cannot be verified should generally be avoided as source material. However articles by serious scholars are available online, and may be used provided they are referenced correctly. Include full bibliographical information, and enough other information to allow a reader to access the material for him- or herself. Anderson, B. W., The Crisis in Biblical Theology, Theology Today (1944), pp. 3-11, < [accessed 11/7/2006] Wood, A. Skevington, Luthers Principles of Biblical Interpretation (London: Tyndale Press, 1946) < [accessed 26/5/2005] References in footnotes The first reference to a work in footnotes should include full bibliographical details of the source cited; subsequent references to the same source should be shortened. The first reference is similar to what appears in the bibliography, though the (first) authors or editors name is in the normal order. Compare the following examples with how the material is presented in the bibliography (above). Note that where more than one article from a dictionary or edited volume is included, the work as a whole should be included in the bibliography; while the footnote will refer to the particular article. In articles and essays, the first reference should include the full range of the article. To refer to a specific page or group of pages include that reference in square brackets after the main reference. In referring to page numbers, p. or pp. may be omitted; but you need to remain consistent throughout the essay. Books 16 Bernard, W. Anderson, From Creation to New Creation: Old Testament Perspectives, OBC (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1994), pp. 21-32 19 Anderson, Creation to New Creation, pp. 17-25 [18] 79 ASSIGNMENT 27Bill T. Arnold and Brian E. Beyer, Readings from the Ancient Near East: Primary Sources for Old Testament Study (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002), p. 74 34Arnold and Beyer, Readings, pp. 80-82 35John Barton, Amoss Oracles against the Nations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), p. 10 37 John Bright, A History of Israel, 4th ed. (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2000), p. 131 39 Bright, History, pp. 320-333 52 Gerhard von Rad, Old Testament Theology, 2 vols. (London: SCM, 1962-1965), 1:78-92 62 Von Rad, OT Theology, 2:72 Articles from journals 35 R. Routledge, Hesed as Obligation: a re-examination, TynBul (1995), pp. 179-196 [186] 51 Routledge, Hesed, p. 186 Essays or chapters from an edited collection 6 Elmer A. Martens, The People of God, in Scott Hafemann and Paul R. House (eds.), Central Themes in Biblical Theology: Mapping Unity in Diversity (Nottingham: Apollos, 2007), pp. 225-253 [228] 10 Martens, The People of God, in Hafemann and House, Central Themes, p. 230 Articles from (Theological) Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias 45 J. D. G. Dunn, Spirit, Holy Spirit, in IBD 3:1478-1483 47 Dunn, Spirit, IBD 3:1479 Material from the internet 21B. W. Anderson, The Crisis in Biblical Theology, ThTo (1944), pp. 3-11, < [accessed 11/7/2006] 24 Anderson, Crisis in Biblical Theology, p. 5 Key References Aland, B. and J. Delobel. (Eds.). (1994). New Testament Textual Criticism, Exegesis and Church History: A Discussion of Methods. Kamen: Kok Pharos Baker, David L. (2010) Two Testaments, One Bible: A Study of the Theological Relationship Between the Old and New Testaments (3rd ed.). Leicester: Apollos; Downers Grove, IL: IVP Broyles, Craig C. (Ed.). (2001). Interpreting the Old Testament: A Guide for Exegesis. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Fee, Gordon, D. (2002). New Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors (3rd ed.). Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Longenecker, Richard N. (1999). Biblical Exegesis in the Apostolic Period (2nd ed.). Grand Rapids; Cambridge: Eerdmans Osborne, Grant R. (2006). The Hermeneutical Spiral: A Comprehensive Introduction to Biblical Interpretation(2nd ed.). Downers Grove, IL: IVP Routledge, Robin. (2016). Old Testament Introduction: Text, Interpretation, Structure, Themes. London: Apollos Stuart, Douglas, Old Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors, 4th ed. (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2009) Thiselton, Anthony C. (1992). New Horizons in Hermeneutics. London: HarperCollins Thiselton, Anthony C. (2009). Hermeneutics: An Introduction. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Arndt, William, Frederick W. Danker, Walter Bauer, and F. Wilbur Gingrich, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000) Osborne, Grant R., The Hermeneutical Spiral: A Comprehensive Introduction to Biblical Interpretation, Rev. and expanded, 2nd ed. (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2006) Josephus, Flavius, and William Whiston, The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987) Josephus, Flavius, and Benedikt Niese, Flavii Iosephi Opera Recognovit Benedictvs Niese … (Berolini: apvd Weidmannos, 1888) Jackson, Jeffrey Glen, Synopsis of Matthew, Mark and Luke (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2009) Perkins, Pheme, Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, .: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2007) Newberry, Thomas, and George Ricker Berry, The Interlinear Literal Translation of the Greek New Testament (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2004) Robinson, James McConkey, Paul Hoffmann, and John S. Kloppenborg, The Critical Edition of Q: Synopsis Including the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, Mark and Thomas with English, German, and French Translations of Q and Thomas, Hermeneiaa Critical and Historical Commentary on the Bible (Minneapolis; Leuven: Fortress Press; Peeters, 2000) Elwell, Walter A., Jesus Christ, Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology, Baker Reference Library (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1996), pp. 396406
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