Directions Prepare the first draft of the 4-6 page Core Assessment paper. The paper must be written in APA style with 1-inch margins and include an introduction, body, and conclusion. (See Core Assessment Guidelines below.) It must address the following topics: Paper main topics: 1. – Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication 2. – Listening 3. – Interpersonal Relationships 4. – Intercultural Communication Each of the above sections of your paper must demonstrate: Topics – Your understanding of the topics. Characteristics – The characteristics you believe make-up an effective communicator. Analysis – Analysis of your communication to include a real-life communication example. Improvement plan – A plan for how you plan to improve your communication in each context. You must use enough terminology and examples of concepts and principles from our material to showcase your complete understanding of each topic listed. Core Assessment Guidelines Introduction: Must include an attention getting statement, thesis statement, an evaluation of your communication skills in general, and a preview of the main points. Body: For each topic required in this paper, first explain what you believe to be the characteristics of an effective communicator. Second, describe and analyze your communication using real-life examples, terminology from our course, and principles/ concepts we have learned. Third, develop a thorough plan for improvement. Your paper must include the following topics: Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication, Listening, Interpersonal Communication, Intercultural Communication and a choice of either Workplace and Organizational Communication OR Communication and New Media. Conclusion: Restate the thesis and review your main points. End with a clincher statement, quote, or idea. Verbal Versus Nonverbal Communication Verbal communication and nonverbal communication are intimately related. We use each form to complement, reinforce, and add meaning to the other, yet verbal communication and nonverbal communication are distinct. The language of verbal communication is a digital code that represents messages through the use of symbols, whereas nonverbal communication is an analog code that represents things through likeness or similarity. Verbal communication is powerful because we convey a clear and exact message with words, whereas nonverbal communication is often used to convey feelings and impressions (see Figure 3.1). Chapter 4 further explores the characteristics and functions of nonverbal communication. The purpose of the current chapter is to take a closer look at how the digital code of language, with its relative precision and clarity, contributes to the process of communication. Hearing Versus Listening Because listening is such a routine part of our day, it is easy to take it for granted without realizing how much work is required. Think about a simple lunch date with a friend. The restaurant is crowded, and the music is a little too loud. You did not eat breakfast, so your stomach is churning with hunger. Your server is busy with other customers and has not noticed that your water glasses are empty. Your friend sits across from you telling you about a problem she is having at work and asking for your advice. You might be able to hear your friend over the music and other customers voices, but are you listening to her? Consider another example: It is Sunday night, and you are getting ready to watch your favorite show on Hulu. Just as you click play, your roommate calls from the kitchen that the garbage is starting to smell and that it is your turn to take it out. You give him a mumbled OK, sure and continue watching your show. When the show is finally over and you get up to go to bed, your roommate asks why you have not taken care of the garbage. You vaguely remember that he said something about the garbage but really have no idea what hes talking about, and the two of you proceed to argue about the chore. Have you ever experienced a misunderstanding like this? The problem is that while you may have heard your roommate, you were not really listening. Listening is essential to being connected and engaged with others. We spend most of our day listening in some form. In everyday talk, we use the words hearing and listening as if they have the same meaning. However, these words convey distinct processes. In the Communication Age, listening is an active process of receiving and understanding messages received either through listening to words or by reading text. Listening is about attending to messages and making meaning, and it involves several simultaneous mental processes that occur during communication. Hearing, on the other hand, is what happens when sound waves are received by the ear and brain. Just because you hear someone does not mean you listened. You may have heard your friend tell you about her job, and you may have heard your roommate asking you to take out the trash, but did you listen? Why is it sometimes so difficult to listen? In the following section, you will learn about why it is difficult to listen and problems that can arise with listening. Hearing and listening are two different things. Hearing involves the physical process of sound waves being received by the ear and brain. Listening, on the other hand, requires active attention to processing and interpreting the meaning of a message. Listening Problems Listening can be hard at times. Distractions come in many different shapes and forms. We might be hungry and thinking about what to eat. We might be worrying about how much work we have left to do. We might strongly disagree with what a person is saying. We might simply be bored with the conversation. By understanding these potential problems, it is possible to listen better. Interpersonal Communication Interpersonal communication refers to communication with or between persons. The key feature of interpersonal communication is that it occurs between people who approach one another as individuals in a relationship, whether it is a personal/intimate relationship or an impersonal/public relationship. When we express our love for a romantic partner, resolve a conflict with a family member, respond to a friends Facebook status, negotiate the price of a car with a salesperson, order a drink from a bartender, chat about the weather with a neighbor, or discuss an upcoming test with classmates, we are engaging in interpersonal communication. In all of these examples, the communication is between individuals who share a relationship of some sort. The communication that occurs will further influence and shape those relationships. Although interpersonalcommunication occurs between any two people who share a relationship, most interpersonal communication scholars focus on our closest relationships, such as those between friends, family, and romantic partners. Despite the fact that interpersonal communication is often described as a distinct context, it is useful to understand that there is an interpersonal dimension to all communication (Miller, 1978; Shepherd, 2001). At its heart, communication always occurs between persons, whether they are part of a group, a public, or a mass media event. Chapter 7, Interpersonal Communication, is devoted to a deeper look at the communication between people in personal relationships. Edwards, A., Edwards, C., Wahl, S. T., & Myers, S. A. (2017). The communication age: Connecting & engaging. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE. Braithwaite, D. O., & Braithwaite, C. A. (2009). Which is my good leg? Cultural communication of persons with disabilities. In L. W. Samovar, R. Porter, & E. R. McDaniel (Eds.), Intercultural communication: A reader (9th ed., pp. 207218). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Johnston, M. K., Reed, K., & Lawrence, K. (2011). Team listening environment (TLE) scale: Development and validation. Journal of Business Communication, 48, 326. doi: Joinson, A. N. (2001, MarchApril). Self-disclosure in computer-mediated communication: The role of self-awareness and visual anonymity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(2), 177192.
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